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Multipurpose Ornamental Plants

January 12th 2008 19:10

Okra Flowers

Herbs with Multiple Purposes
The plants mentioned in this article serve a multitude of functions. They have ornamental foliage and flowers, they can be used for culinary and/or medicinal purposes and they attract a plethora of wildlife to your yard. The following article focuses on my top ten favorite multipurpose ornamental plants all of which I have growing in my zone 10 garden in SE Florida.

False Roselle (Hibiscus acetosella)
-ornamental flowers
-edible flowers
-Japanese maple type burgundy foliage
-leaves can be eaten in salads or stir-fires
-AKA red-leaf hibiscus, bronze hibiscus

The September 2003 issue of Better Homes and Gardens shows false Roselle in a planting along with yellow-green ornamental grasses and silver-leaved Artemisia. I have mine planted along side a giant clump of lemon grass. Carefully think out the location in your garden where you place this plant as it can quickly grow to size of a medium to large shrub.

Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus)
-AKA sun choke
-edible tubers can be used raw or cooked in a variety of culinary creations.
-wonderful 8' tall plants
-long lasting miniature sunflower like flowers
-attracts lots of beneficial insects

Jerusalem artichokes have no problem growing during our hot and humid south Florida summers although they don't start to flower until the early fall. They grow extremely tall, I have mine planted next to 8' tall sections of lattice trellis for support. They are a perennial that spreads prolifically unless you harvest every last bit of the tuber. This is not a problem if you are growing the plant to harvest the tubers for culinary purposes but I would not recommend growing it solely for ornamental purposes unless you have a large piece of land.

Nasturtium (Tropaeolum majus)
-edible leaves
-edible flowers
-immature seed pods are edible and can be preserved and eaten like capers.
-wonderful ornamental plant with prolific flowers

My favorite type of nasturtium is the Alaska variety which has variegated foliage. Nasturtiums are also available as a vine variety which can be trained to grow up a trellis or pergola. This is an annual plant that produces many seeds which can be saved to plant the following years crop.

Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus 'burgundy')
-vegetable
-seeds
-dried seed pods
-beautiful flowers

What's a vegetable doing on this list you may ask!?! I'm talking about the burgundy colored variety of okra. It gets pretty hollyhock-like flowers. You can eat the immature seed pods in a variety of dishes including my favorite - chicken gumbo. The mature seed pods can be harvested for their seeds and planted for next years crop. The mature seed pods with the seeds removed can be dried and used in a multitude of dried floral arrangements and potpourri blends.

Pineapple mint (Mentha suaveolens 'variegata')
-edible leaves and flowers
-variegated foliage
-use fresh leaves in your culinary creations
-use dried leaves in medicinal teas

This mint is not as invasive as some varieties of mint tend to be. I have had no problem planting pineapple mint directly in my garden whereas other varieties of mint I usually limit to container plantings.

Pineapple sage (Salvia elegans)
-edible flowers
-edible leaves
-leaves used in tea
-attracts butterflies
-wonderful fruity scent

This is a beautiful plant with dark green leaves and bright red flowers. The flowers will attract a variety of beneficial insects to your garden.

My complete article, Multipurpose Ornamental Plants, can be found on the Associated Content website.

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Herb Review - Kaffir Lime

January 1st 2008 17:33

Kaffir Lime Leaves

Kaffir lime (Citrus hystrix) which is also referred to as wild lime, porcupine orange or makrut lime is a small, evergreen tree which is native to SE Asia. This tree is now cultivated for commercial use in parts of the United States including Hawaii, California, and Florida. In colder climates the kaffir lime tree, which only reaches 10 to 15 feet in height, can be grown in a large container which should be brought indoors during cooler weather or whenever the temperature drops below 45 degrees Fahrenheit. The species name hystrix comes from a Greek word meaning porcupine in reference to the sharp thorns present on the stems of the plant. These thorny stems make picking the leaves rather precarious and add to the high cost of harvesting the leaves which must be carefully picked by hand.

Kaffir Lime Leaves
The leaves of the kaffir lime tree are dark green and glossy and have an unique shape due to the presence of winged petioles which look similar to the leaves themselves. The presence of the petioles make each leaf look like a double leaf and distinguish it from other species of lime leaves. Kaffir lime leaves can be used fresh, frozen or dried in a variety of culinary creations. Although the fresh leaves will last a few weeks when stored in the refrigerator I prefer to use them within a few days of picking them for the best flavor. If you have an over abundance of fresh leaves you can store them in a resealable plastic bag in the freezer for a few months. Just remove whatever quantity of leaves needed for your recipe and use as you would the fresh leaves. You can sometimes find small packages or bottles of the dried leaves available for sale but as they are not very aromatic try to use the fresh or frozen leaves whenever possible.

Kaffir Lime Fruits
The fruits of the kaffir lime tree are rather insignificant looking compared to the fruit of other species of lime tree. They are approximately the size of a golf ball and have very lumpy, bumpy skin. The rind of these fruits can be used for a variety of culinary purposes such as being ground in a mortar and pestle along with other spices to make a green curry paste which is used in certain Asian style culinary recipes. The zest from the rind should be used fresh whenever possible as the preserved fruit rind has an inferior taste and aroma. The extremely bitter and sour juice of the fruit is generally not used for culinary purposes although it may be used in certain cosmetic preparations.

Cosmetic Uses of Kaffir Lime
The juice of the kaffir lime fruit is supposed to make an excellent hair tonic and can be used in shampoos as an anti-dandruff formula. A ¼ cup of the freshly squeezed juice can be mixed with two cups of spring water and used as a rinse to help prevent your hair from falling out. Another natural cosmetic use of the juice is as a tooth and gum cleanser which will help prevent gingivitis.

I've come across a few natural beauty aids containing kaffir lime such as a bath scrub and body lotion which both claim to have detoxifying properties. The other ingredients included in these personal spa items were lemon grass and mint. The lemon grass and kaffir lime were touted as being antibacterial to help cleanse and purify your skin while the mint would leave your skin with a fresh, clean scent. For an invigorating personal spa treatment you could try placing approximately ¼ cup of the bath scrub in a small bowl and adding just enough water to form a thick paste. Use this paste while taking a bath or shower and scrub it all over your body. Follow your bath treatment with a light application of the body lotion to impart a radiant, healthy glow to your skin.

In addition, the juice of the kaffir lime fruits can be used as a natural and mild bleach which helps to remove stains in clothing and other laundry items. Mix approximately ¼ cup of the juice with 1 cup of laundry detergent and store in a small, nonmetallic container. Use this mixture as a pretreatment stain remover whenever necessary.

The entire article, The Exotic Kaffir Lime, can be found on the Associated Content website.

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Herb Review - Spilanthes

December 29th 2007 04:00

Spilanthes Flower

Spilanthes is a member of the Asteraceae family with over 60 species occurring in this genus. Spilanthes acmella, which is the plants Latin name, is also known as the toothache plant. The bronze-green leaves and the more potent yellow and red cone shaped flowers have a taste and properties similar to coneflower (Echinacea purpurea). As a sialagogue it stimulates the flow of saliva which cleanses the mouth, tones the gums, and enhances immune function. Spilanthes also improves digestion, eases flatulence, improves the appetite, and helps to overcome nausea and vomiting by its stimulating effect on the salivary glands.

It is called the toothache plant because when you chew on the leaves or flowers it produces a numbing effect to the tongue and gums. Spilanthes can be used in this manner to help ease the pain of a toothache.

Growth Habit
Spilanthes is a native of the tropics of Africa and South America. It grows well in full sun to partial shade reaching a height of 12 to 15 inches with a spread of 24 to 30 inches. It has bronze-green foliage with yellow petaless flowers with a red eye on top of long stems. To promote bushy growth wait until the fourth set of true leaves appear then pinch back the plant to the second set of true leaves.

Spilanthes has no serious disease problems although it may occasionally suffer from spider mite damage. In my zone 10 sub-tropical garden it behaves as a perennial. It is a perennial in USDA zones 10-12. It can be grown as a perennial indoors in cooler climates or treat it as an annual and sow fresh seeds in your garden every year. It is easily started from seeds directly sown in the garden or indoors sown in seed flats. You can also propagate spilanthes from stem cuttings. It needs regular watering, do not allow the plant to dry out. It thrives in high humidity in well-drained soils.

The complete article, The Toothache Herb; Spilanthes, can be found on the Associated Content website.

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Herbal Supplements

December 22nd 2007 18:09

Lydia Pinkham's Herb Medicine

Consider Safety, Too
Herbal supplements are a type of dietary supplement (see information on dietary supplements below) that contains herbs, either singly or in mixtures. An herb (also called a botanical) is a plant or plant part used for its scent, flavor, and/or therapeutic properties.

Many herbs have a long history of use and of claimed health benefits. However, some herbs have caused health problems for users. This fact sheet contains points you should consider for your safety if you use, or are thinking about using, herbs for health purposes. It does not discuss whether herbs work for specific diseases and conditions.

About Dietary Supplements
Dietary supplements were defined in a law passed by Congress in 1994. A dietary supplement must meet all of the following conditions:

• It is a product (other than tobacco) that is intended to supplement the diet and that contains one or more of the following: vitamins, minerals, herbs or other botanicals, amino acids, or any combination of the above ingredients.

• It is intended to be taken in tablet, capsule, powder, softgel, gelcap, or liquid form.

• It is not represented for use as a conventional food or as a sole item of a meal or the diet.

• It is labeled as being a dietary supplement.

Safety Issues
1. It’s important to know that just because an herbal supplement is labeled “natural” does not mean it is safe or without any harmful effects. For example, the herbs kava and comfrey have been linked to serious liver damage.

2. Herbal supplements can act in the same way as drugs. Therefore, they can cause medical problems if not used correctly or if taken in large amounts. In some cases, people have experienced negative effects even though they followed the instructions on a supplement label.

3. Women who are pregnant or nursing should be especially cautious about using herbal supplements, since these products can act like drugs. This caution also applies to treating children with herbal supplements.

4. It is important to consult your health care provider before using an herbal supplement, especially if you are taking any medications (whether prescription or over-the-counter). Some herbal supplements are known to interact with medications in ways that cause health problems. Even if your provider does not know about a particular supplement, he can access the latest medical guidance on its uses, risks, and interactions.

5. If you use herbal supplements, it is best to do so under the guidance of a medical professional who has been properly trained in herbal medicine. This is especially important for herbs that are part of a whole medical system, such as traditional Chinese medicine or Ayurvedic medicine.

6. In the United States, herbal and other dietary supplements are regulated by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as foods. This means that they do not have to meet the same standards as drugs and over-the-counter medications for proof of safety, effectiveness, and what the FDA calls Good Manufacturing Practices.

7. The active ingredient(s) in many herbs and herbal supplements are not known. There may be dozens, even hundreds, of such compounds in an herbal supplement. Scientists are currently working to identify these ingredients and analyze products, using sophisticated technology. Identifying the active ingredients in herbs and understanding how herbs affect the body are important research areas for the National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM).

8. Published analyses of herbal supplements have found differences between what’s listed on the label and what’s in the bottle. This means that you may be taking less—or more—of the supplement than what the label indicates. Also, the word “standardized” on a product label is no guarantee of higher product quality, since in the United States there is no legal definition of “standardized” (or “certified” or “verified”) for supplements.

9. Some herbal supplements have been found to be contaminated with metals, unlabeled prescription drugs, microorganisms, or other substances.

10. There has been an increase in the number of Web sites that sell and promote herbal supplements on the Internet. The Federal Government has taken legal action against a number of company sites because they have been shown to contain incorrect statements and to be deceptive to consumers. It is important to know how to evaluate the claims that are made for supplements. Some sources are listed below.

This publication is not copyrighted and is in the public domain. Duplication is encouraged. NCCAM has provided this material for your information. It is not intended to substitute for the medical expertise and advice of your primary health care provider. We encourage you to discuss any decisions about treatment or care with your health care provider. The mention of any product, service, or therapy is not an endorsement by NCCAM.
National Institutes of Health

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Herbs at a Glance - Soy

December 21st 2007 18:00

Variety of Soybeans

This fact sheet provides basic information about soy—uses, potential side effects, and resources for more information. Soy, a plant in the pea family, has been common in Asian diets for thousands of years. It is found in modern American diets as a food or food additive. Soybeans, the high-protein seeds of the soy plant, contain isoflavones—compounds similar to the female hormone estrogen. This fact sheet highlights what is known about soy when used by adults for health purposes.

Common Name—soy

Latin Name—Glycine max

What It Is Used For
People use soy products to prevent or treat a variety of health conditions, including high cholesterol levels, menopausal symptoms such as hot flashes, osteoporosis (a condition in which bones become thin and brittle), memory problems, high blood pressure, breast cancer, and prostate cancer.

How It Is Used
• Soy is available in dietary supplements, in forms such as tablets and capsules. Soy supplements may contain isoflavones or soy protein or both.

• Soybeans can be cooked and eaten or used to make tofu, soy milk, and other foods. Also, soy is sometimes used as an additive in various processed foods, including baked goods, cheese, and pasta.

What the Science Says
• Research suggests that daily intake of soy protein may slightly lower levels of LDL (“bad”) cholesterol.

• Some studies suggest that soy isoflavone supplements may reduce hot flashes in women after menopause. However, the results have been inconsistent.

• There is not enough scientific evidence to determine whether soy supplements are effective for any other health uses.

• NCCAM is supporting ongoing studies of soy, including its effects on women’s arteries and bones after menopause.

Side Effects and Cautions
• Soy is considered safe for most people when used as a food or when taken for short periods as a dietary supplement.

• Minor stomach and bowel problems such as nausea, bloating, and constipation are possible.

• Allergic reactions such as breathing problems and rash can occur in rare cases.

• The safety of long-term use of soy isoflavones has not been established. Evidence is mixed on whether using isoflavone supplements, over time, can increase the risk of endometrial hyperplasia (a thickening of the lining of the uterus that can lead to cancer). Studies show no effect of dietary soy on risk for endometrial hyperplasia.

• Soy’s possible role in breast cancer risk is uncertain. Until more is known about soy’s effect on estrogen levels, women who have or who are at increased risk of developing breast cancer or other hormone-sensitive conditions (such as ovarian or uterine cancer) should be particularly careful about using soy and should discuss it with their health care providers.

• Tell your health care providers about any complementary and alternative practices you use. Give them a full picture of what you do to manage your health. This will help ensure coordinated and safe care.

Sources
Balk E, Chung M, Chew P, et al. Effects of Soy on Health Outcomes. Evidence Report/Technology Assessment no. 126. Rockville, MD: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality; 2005. AHRQ publication no. 05-E024-1.

Low Dog T. Menopause: a review of botanical dietary supplements. American Journal of Medicine. 2005;118(suppl 12B):98S-108S.
Sacks FM, Lichtenstein A, Van Horn L, et al. Soy protein, isoflavones, and cardiovascular health: an American Heart Association Science Advisory for professionals from the Nutrition Committee. Circulation. 2006;113(7):1034-1044.

Soy. Natural Medicines Comprehensive Database Web site. Accessed at http://www.naturaldatabase.com on January 2, 2007.

Soy (Glycine max [L.] Merr.). Natural Standard Database Web site. Accessed at http://www.naturalstandard.com on January 2, 2007.

This publication is not copyrighted and is in the public domain. Duplication is encouraged. NCCAM has provided this material for your information. It is not intended to substitute for the medical expertise and advice of your primary health care provider. We encourage you to discuss any decisions about treatment or care with your health care provider. The mention of any product, service, or therapy is not an endorsement by NCCAM.
National Institutes of Health

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Herbs at a Glance - Thunder God Vine

December 20th 2007 17:46

Traditional Chinese Medicine Shop

This fact sheet provides basic information about the herb thunder god vine—common names, uses, potential side effects, and resources for more information. Thunder god vine has been used in China for health purposes for more than 400 years.

Common Names—thunder god vine, lei gong teng

Latin Name—Tripterygium wilfordii

What It Is Used For
• Thunder god vine has been used in traditional Chinese medicine for conditions involving inflammation or overactivity of the immune system.

• Orally, thunder god vine is taken for excessive menstrual periods or autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, and lupus.

• Thunder god vine preparations are also applied to the skin for rheumatoid arthritis.

How It Is Used
Extracts are prepared from the skinned root of thunder god vine.

What the Science Says
• Laboratory findings suggest that thunder god vine may fight inflammation, suppress the immune system, and have anti-cancer effects.

• Although early evidence is promising, there have been few high-quality studies of thunder god vine in people. Results from a small study funded by the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS) suggest that an oral extract of the herb may improve rheumatoid arthritis symptoms in some patients. A larger NIAMS-funded study is comparing thunder god vine with a conventional medicine for rheumatoid arthritis.

• A small study on thunder god vine applied to the skin also found benefits for rheumatoid arthritis symptoms.

• There is not enough scientific evidence to assess thunder god vine’s use for any other health conditions.

Side Effects and Cautions
• Thunder god vine can cause severe side effects and can be poisonous if it is not carefully extracted from the skinned root. Other parts of the plant— including the leaves, flowers, and skin of the root—are highly poisonous and can cause death.

• The extract of thunder god vine used in the NIAMS study was well tolerated. However, thunder god vine can cause diarrhea, upset stomach, hair loss, headache, menstrual changes, and skin rash.

• Thunder god vine has been found to decrease bone mineral density in women who take the herb for 5 years or longer. This side effect may be of particular concern to women who have osteoporosis or are at risk for the condition.

• Thunder god vine decreases sperm count and so may be associated with male infertility.

• Tell your health care providers about any complementary and alternative practices you use. Give them a full picture of what you do to manage your health. This will help ensure coordinated and safe care.

Sources
Canter PH, Hyang SL, Ernst E. A systematic review of randomized clinical trials of Tripterygium wilfordii for rheumatoid arthritis. Phytomedicine. 2006;13(5):371-377.

Tao X, Younger J, Fan FZ, et al. Benefit of an extract of Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Arthritis & Rheumatism. 2002;46(7):1735-1743.

Setty AR, Sigal LH. Herbal medications commonly used in the practice of rheumatology: mechanisms of action, efficacy, and side effects. Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism. 2005;34(6):773-784.

Carter BZ, Mark DH, Schober WD, et al. Triptolide induces caspase-dependent cell death mediated via the mitochondrial pathway in leukemic cells. Blood. 2006;108(2):630-637.

Thunder god vine. Natural Medicines Comprehensive Database Web site. Accessed at http://www.naturaldatabase.com on June 12, 2007.

National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine. Rheumatoid Arthritis and Complementary and Alternative Medicine. National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine Web site. Accessed at Really Long Link on June 13, 2007.

National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases. Chinese Thunder God Vine Gives Relief from Rheumatoid Arthritis Symptoms. National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases Web site. Accessed at Really Long Link on June 13, 2007.

This publication is not copyrighted and is in the public domain. Duplication is encouraged. NCCAM has provided this material for your information. It is not intended to substitute for the medical expertise and advice of your primary health care provider. We encourage you to discuss any decisions about treatment or care with your health care provider. The mention of any product, service, or therapy is not an endorsement by NCCAM.
National Institutes of Health

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Herbs at a Glance - Cat's Claw

October 26th 2007 18:51

This fact sheet provides basic information about the herb cat’s claw—common names, uses, potential side effects, and resources for more information. Cat’s claw grows wild in many countries of Central and South America, especially in the Amazon rainforest.

Common Names—cat’s claw, uña de gato

Latin Names—Uncaria tomentosa, Uncaria guianensis

What It Is Used For
• Cat’s claw has been used for centuries in South America to prevent and treat disease.

• It has been used for a variety of health conditions, including viral infections (such as herpes and HIV), Alzheimer’s disease, cancer, and arthritis.

• Cat’s claw has been used to support the immune system and promote kidney health, as well as to prevent and abort pregnancy.

How It Is Used
The inner bark of cat’s claw is used to make liquid extracts, capsules, and teas. Preparations of cat’s claw can also be applied to the skin.

What the Science Says
• There is not enough scientific evidence to determine how well cat’s claw works for any health problem, including arthritis, HIV, or cancer.

• Small studies in humans have shown a possible benefit of cat’s claw in osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis, but no large trials have been done. In laboratory studies, cat’s claw stimulates part of the immune system, but it has not been proven to reduce inflammation or boost the immune system in humans.

• The National Institute on Aging is studying how cat’s claw may affect the brain. Findings may point to new avenues for research in Alzheimer’s disease treatment.

Side Effects and Cautions
• Few side effects have been reported for cat’s claw when it is taken at recommended dosages. Though rare, side effects may include headaches, dizziness, and vomiting.

• Women who are pregnant or trying to become pregnant should avoid using cat’s claw because of its past use for preventing and aborting pregnancy.

• Because cat’s claw may stimulate the immune system, it is unclear whether the herb is safe for people with conditions affecting the immune system.

• Tell your health care providers about any complementary and alternative practices you use. Give them a full picture of what you do to manage your health. This will help ensure coordinated and safe care.

Sources
Cat’s claw. Natural Medicines Comprehensive Database Web site. Accessed at http://www.naturaldatabase.com on November 22, 2006.

Cat’s claw (Uncaria tomentosa, Uncaria guianensis). Natural Standard Database Web site. Accessed at http://www.naturalstandard.com on November 22, 2006.

This publication is not copyrighted and is in the public domain. Duplication is encouraged. NCCAM has provided this material for your information. It is not intended to substitute for the medical expertise and advice of your primary health care provider. We encourage you to discuss any decisions about treatment or care with your health care provider. The mention of any product, service, or therapy is not an endorsement by NCCAM. National Institutes of Health

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Herbs at a Glance - Bitter Orange

October 25th 2007 17:49

This fact sheet provides basic information about bitter orange—common names, uses, potential side effects, and resources for more information. The bitter orange tree is native to eastern Africa and tropical Asia. Today, it is grown throughout the Mediterranean region and elsewhere, including California and Florida. Bitter orange oil is used in foods, cosmetics, and aromatherapy products. Bitter orange oil from the tree’s leaves is called petitgrain, and oil
from the flowers is called neroli.

Common Names—bitter orange, Seville orange, sour orange, Zhi shi

Latin Name—Citrus aurantium

What It Is Used For
• Bitter orange has been used in traditional Chinese medicine and by indigenous people of the Amazon rain forest for nausea, indigestion, and constipation.

• Current uses of bitter orange are for heartburn, loss of appetite, nasal congestion, and weight loss. It is also applied to the skin for fungal infections such as ringworm and athlete’s foot.

How It Is Used
The dried fruit and peel (and sometimes flowers and leaves) are taken by mouth in extracts, tablets, and capsules. Bitter orange oil can be applied to the skin.

What the Science Says
• There is not enough scientific evidence to support the use of bitter orange for health purposes.

• Many herbal weight-loss products now use bitter orange peel in place of ephedra. However, bitter orange contains the chemical synephrine, which is similar to the main chemical in ephedra. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration banned ephedra because it raises blood pressure and is linked to heart attacks and strokes; it is unclear whether bitter orange has similar effects. There is currently little evidence that bitter orange is safer to use than ephedra.

Side Effects and Cautions
• Because bitter orange contains chemicals that may speed up the heart rate and raise blood pressure, it may not be safe to use as a dietary supplement. There have been reports of fainting, heart attack, and stroke in healthy people after taking bitter orange supplements alone or combined with caffeine. People should avoid taking bitter orange if they have a heart condition or high blood pressure, or if they are taking medications (such as MAO inhibitors), caffeine, or other herbs/supplements that speed up the heart rate.

• Due to lack of safety evidence, pregnant women should avoid products that contain bitter orange.

• Bitter orange oil used on the skin may increase the risk of sunburn, particularly in lightskinned people.

• Tell your health care providers about any complementary and alternative practices you use. Give them a full picture of what you do to manage your health. This will help ensure coordinated and safe care.

Sources
Bent S, Padula A, Neuhaus J. Safety and efficacy of citrus aurantium for weight loss.
American Journal of Cardiology. 2004;94(10):1359-1361.

Bitter orange. Natural Medicines Comprehensive Database Web site. Accessed at http://www.naturaldatabase.com on May 16, 2007.

Bitter orange (Citrus aurantium). Natural Standard Database Web site. Accessed at http://www.naturalstandard.com on May 16, 2007.

Orange peel, bitter. In: Blumenthal M, Goldberg A, Brinckman J, eds. Herbal Medicine: Expanded Commission E Monographs.

This publication is not copyrighted and is in the public domain. Duplication is encouraged. NCCAM has provided this material for your information. It is not intended to substitute for the medical expertise and advice of your primary health care provider. We encourage you to discuss any decisions about treatment or care with your health care provider. The mention of any product, service, or therapy is not an endorsement by NCCAM. National Institutes of Health

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Herbs at a Glance - Bilberry

October 24th 2007 03:30

This fact sheet provides basic information about bilberry—common names, uses, potential side effects, and resources for more information. Bilberry is a relative of the blueberry, and its fruit is commonly used to make pies and jams. Bilberry grows in North America, Europe, and northern Asia.

Common Names—European blueberry, whortleberry, huckleberry

Latin Name—Vaccinium myrtillus

What It Is Used For
• Bilberry has been used for nearly 1,000 years in traditional European medicine.

• Historically, bilberry fruit was used to treat diarrhea, scurvy, and other conditions.

• Today, the fruit is used to treat diarrhea, menstrual cramps, eye problems, varicose veins, venous insufficiency (poor blood flow to the heart), and other circulatory problems.

• Bilberry leaf is used for entirely different conditions, including diabetes.

How It Is Used
The fruit of the bilberry plant can be eaten or made into extracts. Similarly, the leaves of the bilberry plant can be made into extracts or used to make teas.

What the Science Says
• Some claim that bilberry fruit improves night vision, but clinical studies have not shown this to be true.

• There is not enough scientific evidence to support the use of bilberry fruit or leaf for any other health conditions.

• NCCAM has not yet funded any research on bilberry.

Side Effects and Cautions
• Bilberry fruit is considered safe. However, high doses of bilberry leaf or leaf extract are considered unsafe; animal studies have shown high doses to be toxic.

• Tell your health care providers about any herb or dietary supplement you are using, including bilberry. This helps to ensure safe and coordinated care.

Sources
Bilberry. Natural Medicines Comprehensive Database Web site. Accessed at http://www.naturaldatabase.com on March 29, 2006.

Bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus). Natural Standard Database Web site. Accessed at http://www.naturalstandard.com on March 29, 2006.

Bilberry fruit. In: Blumenthal M, Goldberg A, Brinckman J, eds. Herbal Medicine: Expanded Commission E Monographs.

Newton, MA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2000:16-21.

NIH Office of Dietary Supplements - Web site: www.ods.od.nih.gov

This publication is not copyrighted and is in the public domain. Duplication is encouraged. NCCAM has provided this material for your information. It is not intended to substitute for the medical expertise and advice of your primary health care provider. We encourage you to discuss any decisions about treatment or care with your health care provider. The mention of any product, service, or therapy is not an endorsement by NCCAM.

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Herbs at a Glance - Astragalus

October 23rd 2007 08:49

Illustration from De Materia Medica of Dioscorides

This fact sheet provides basic information about the herb astragalus—common names, uses, potential side effects, and resources for more information. Native to China, astragalus has been used for centuries in traditional Chinese medicine. In the United States, the herb gained popularity in the 1980s.

Common Names—astragalus, bei qi, huang qi, ogi, hwanggi, milk vetch

Latin Names—Astragalus membranaceus, Astragalus mongholicus

What It Is Used For
• Historically, astragalus has been used in traditional Chinese medicine, usually in combination with other herbs, to support and enhance the immune system. It is still widely used in China for chronic hepatitis and as an adjunctive therapy in cancer.

• It is also used to prevent and treat common colds and upper respiratory infections.

• Astragalus has also been used for heart disease.

How It Is Used
The root of the astragalus plant is typically used in soups, teas, extracts, or capsules. Astragalus is generally used with other herbs, such as ginseng, angelica, and licorice.

What the Science Says
• The evidence for using astragalus for any health condition is limited. Results from small or preliminary studies suggest that astragalus may benefit heart function and help the immune system fight infections.

• A few studies have shown potential benefits for using astragalus—in combination with another herb, glossy privet (Ligustrum lucidum)—as an adjunctive therapy for cancer. In general, however, these studies were not well designed.

• NCCAM-funded investigators are studying the effects of astragalus on the body, particularly on the immune system.

Side Effects and Cautions
• Astragalus is considered safe for most adults. Its possible side effects are not well known because astragalus is generally used in combination with other herbs.

• Astragalus may interact with medications that suppress the immune system, such as the drug cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan, Neosar) taken by cancer patients and similar drugs taken by organ transplant recipients.

• People should avoid using astragalus species such as “locoweed” that grow in the United States, as these other species may have different effects and side effects.

• Tell your health care providers about any complementary and alternative practices you use. Give them a full picture of what you do to manage your health. This will help ensure coordinated and safe care.

Sources
Astragalus. Natural Medicines Comprehensive Database Web site. Accessed at http://www.naturaldatabase.com on May 10, 2007.

Astragalus (Astragalus membranaceus). Natural Standard Database Web site. Accessed at
http://www.naturalstandard.com on May 9, 2007.

Upton R. Astragalus. In: Coates P, Blackman M, Cragg G, et al., eds. Encyclopedia of Dietary Supplements. New York, NY: Marcel Dekker; 2005:25-30.

This publication is not copyrighted and is in the public domain. Duplication is encouraged. NCCAM has provided this material for your information. It is not intended to substitute for the medical expertise and advice of your primary health care provider. We encourage you to discuss any decisions about treatment or care with your health care provider. The mention of any product, service, or therapy is not an endorsement by NCCAM. National Institutes of Health

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Garden Witches and Wildcrafting

October 22nd 2007 17:45

Garden witches know a great deal about the magical and medicinal properties of herbs. They love to putter around outdoors, dig in the dirt and grow a variety of their own herbs, vegetables and flowers. Practitioners of this tradition of the craft use these homegrown plants to make a variety of lotions, potions and culinary creations for use in their own celebrations and magical rituals.

WILD CRAFTING
Garden witches may also collect certain herbs in their natural habitat, a practice which is called wild crafting. Wild crafting should only be done in an area where you have obtained permission from the land owner. When wild crafting, be sure to leave behind enough of the plant material you are harvesting to ensure the survival of future generations of the plant. Unethical collectors over harvest or even dig up the entire population of the herb they are collecting.

Certain species of herbs can no longer be ethically wild crafted due to the over harvesting and destruction of their natual habitat. One of my favorite herbs suppliers has gone so far as to list the herb products that they will not carry due to their being over harvested by commercial enterprises.

THREATENED HERBS
A few of the herb species that are being threatened due to over zealous wild crafting include beth root (Trillium erectum), lady's slipper root (Cyprideium pubescens), true unicorn root (Aletris farinosa), false unicorn root (Helonias lutea), wild American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius) and wild goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis).

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Posted By: Lynn Smythe - Category: Magical Herbs, Medicinal Herbs

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Herbs at a Glance - Aloe Vera

October 21st 2007 20:41

This fact sheet provides basic information about aloe vera—common names, uses, potential side effects, and resources for more information. Aloe vera’s use can be traced back 6,000 years to early Egyptian civilization, where the plant was depicted on stone carvings. Known as the “plant of immortality,” aloe was presented as a burial gift to deceased pharaohs.

Common Names—aloe vera, aloe, burn plant, lily of the desert, elephant’s gall

Latin Names—Aloe vera, Aloe barbadensis

What It Is Used For
• Traditionally, aloe was used topically to heal wounds and for various skin conditions, and orally as a laxative.

• Today, in addition to traditional uses, people take aloe orally to treat a
variety of conditions, including diabetes, asthma, epilepsy, and
osteoarthritis. People use aloe topically for osteoarthritis, burns, and
sunburns.

• Aloe vera gel can be found in hundreds of skin products, including lotions and sunblocks.

• The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved aloe vera as a
natural food flavoring.

How It Is Used
• Aloe leaves contain a clear gel that is often used as a topical ointment.

• The green part of the leaf that surrounds the gel can be used to produce a juice or a dried substance (called latex) that is taken by mouth.

What the Science Says
• Aloe latex contains strong laxative compounds. Products made with various components of aloe (aloin, aloe-emodin, and barbaloin) were at one time regulated by the FDA as oral over-the-counter (OTC) laxatives. In 2002, the FDA required that all OTC aloe laxative products be removed from the U.S. market or reformulated because the companies that manufactured them did not provide the necessary safety data.

• Early studies show that topical aloe gel may help heal burns and abrasions. One study, however, showed that aloe gel inhibits healing of deep surgical wounds. Aloe gel does not prevent burns from radiation therapy.

• There is not enough scientific evidence to support aloe vera for any of its other uses.

Side Effects and Cautions
• Use of topical aloe vera is not associated with significant side effects.

• Abdominal cramps and diarrhea have been reported with oral use of aloe vera.

• Diarrhea, caused by the laxative effect of oral aloe vera, can decrease the absorption of many drugs.

• People with diabetes who use glucose-lowering medication should be cautious if also taking aloe by mouth because preliminary studies suggest aloe may lower blood glucose levels.

• Tell your health care providers about any complementary and alternative practices you use. Give them a full picture of what you do to manage your health. This will help ensure coordinated and safe care.

Sources
Aloe. Natural Medicines Comprehensive Database Web site. Accessed at http://www.naturaldatabase.com on November 20, 2006.

Aloe (Aloe vera). Natural Standard Database Web site. Accessed at http://www.naturalstandard.com on November 20, 2006.

This publication is not copyrighted and is in the public domain. Duplication is encouraged. NCCAM has provided this material for your information. It is not intended to substitute for the medical expertise and advice of your primary health care provider. We encourage you to discuss any decisions about treatment or care with your health care provider. The mention of any product, service, or therapy is not an endorsement by NCCAM.

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Doctrine of Signatures

October 17th 2007 16:53

“Every herb must tell to man by its form or leaves, stem or flowers, of what use it might be in curing his ills.”

Helen Noyes Webster, Herbs

What is the Doctrine of Signatures?
Plants were once believed to be capable of healing on spiritual, mental, and physical levels. The doctrine of signatures was a metaphysical theory based upon clues and signals given off by the plant. The basic thought behind this theory was that like cured like. That is, the plant was supposed to resemble its cure. By observing the physical form of a plant one could construe the types of illnesses it would help to cure. For example daisies which resembled eyes were thought to be useful in curing complaints of the eye. This theory of healing was prevalent throughout Europe during the 16th and 17th centuries.

By observing the color of a plants roots or the shape of its leaves or the area the plant was growing in it was thought possible to determine what each plant could be used for. For instance, plants that had red roots or flowers could be used to help cure blood disorders, while plants with yellow flowers or roots could be used to alleviate the problems associated with jaundice.

The Plants
Bloodroot (Sanguinaria canadensis) - the blood red color of this plants rhizomes made it the herb of choice to use for all blood disorders. In the modern day it has been found that excessive use of this herb depresses the central nervous system which can eventually lead to death.

Eyebright (Euphrasia officinalis) - because the flowers resemble a diseased and bloodshot eye, this plant was thought to be cable of alleviating all problems of the eye. Although this herb is occasionally used today excess use can cause mental confusion, along with a variety of eye problems such as itching, swelling, and redness.

Forget-me-not (Myosotis scorpioides) - AKA scorpion grass, the buds of this flower developed in a spiral pattern thought to look similar to a scorpion’s tail. This plant was believed to be a remedy for serpent bites.

Gromwell (Lithospermum officinale) - the stoney seeds were thought to be capable of dissolving gravel, that is kidney and bladder stones. This herb can be used as a tonic to clear toxins from the body and may help treat hepatitis and other liver ailments.

Liverwort (Hepatica nobilis) - the leaves vaguely resemble the shape and color of the liver thus this plant was utilized to treat liver aliments. Although it is not often prescribed in the modern-day, liverwort is occasionally used as a general liver and digestive tonic.

Lungwort (Pulmonaria officinalis) - the spots on the leaves of this plant resembled diseased lung tissue thus indicating that this herb could be used to help cure lung aliments. An infusion of lungwort is often prescribed by modern herbal practitioners to help in cases of bronchitis and asthma.

Maidenhair fern (Adiantum capillus-veneris) - Capillus veneris means Venus’s hair which may have accounted for this plant being thought capable of promoting healthy hair growth. Various concoctions containing maidenhair fern are available to use today. This herb can help treat bald spots that are caused by ringworm.

Turmeric (Curcuma longa) - according to Nicholas Culpeper the yellow color of this spice indicated the following uses “…opens obstructions, is profitable against the yellow jaundice, and cold distemper of the liver and spleen…” This is one of the few herbs mentioned in this blog that lives up to its uses as outlined in the doctrine of signatures. Turmeric rhizomes can be used internally for jaundice and liver disease and are reputed to lower cholesterol levels.

Walnuts (Juglans regia) - the convoluted surface of walnuts were thought to resemble the brain thus walnuts could be used for all aliments associated with the head and brain. Modern herbalists use all parts of the walnut for a variety of medicinal purposes. An infusion of the leaves can be used for constipation, coughs, and urinary stones while the oil from the nuts can be used for dry skin conditions, eczema, and hair loss.

Willow (Salix species) - ancient herbalists observed that the willow tree was found to grow in damp and moist environments. Thus, according to the Doctrine of Signatures, willow bark was recommended to be used by anyone suffering from rheumatic complaints which were often aggravated by damp conditions.

This blog is meant for entertainment purposes only. Many of the herbs with reputed therapeutic value as promoted along with the doctrine of signatures have not been proven to have any medicinal benefits by modern-day herbal practitioners. And many of the herbs mentioned can actually be harmful to ones health.

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Astrological Medicine

October 15th 2007 06:20

Astrology is a form of divination which attempts to predict ones future based upon the influence of the positions of the stars and planets on the object whose astrological chart is being created. The key concept of astrology is as above, so below. That is, what happens on earth (below) is keyed to what is happening in the celestial realms (above).

The theory of astrological medicine combines basic astrological principles along with medicinal techniques. Astrologers assigned each planet and each sign of the zodiac to rule over certain parts of the body. Physician-fortuneteller or Astrological Physician may be two ways to classify the practitioners of this type of healing.

Two astrological charts were cast for the patient, one was the natal chart based on the patients day and time of birth. The other was a chart of the patients disease, based upon the approximate day and time of the start of the patients illness. These charts allowed the physician to determine which planetary influences were affecting the patient at the time they became ill. The astrological medicinal practitioner then determined what planetary energies were in excess or which were deficient and planned a course of healing accordingly.

Aries - March 21st through April 20th. Governs all problems and illnesses associated with the eyes, face, and head. Mars is the planetary ruler of this zodiac sign.

Taurus - April 21st through May 20th . Governs all problems and illnesses associated with the ears, larynx, neck, throat, and tonsils. Venus is the planetary ruler of Taurus.

Gemini - May 21st through June 20th . Governs all illnesses associated with the arms, hands, lungs and shoulders. Planetary ruler = Mercury.

Cancer - June 21st through July 22nd. Governs all problems and illnesses associated with the breast, chest, diaphragm, ribs, and stomach. Planetary ruler = moon.

Leo - July 23rd through August 22nd . Governs all problems and illnesses associated with the back, heart, and spine. Planetary ruler = sun.

Virgo - August 23rd through September 22nd . Governs all problems and illnesses associated with the bowels, intestines and nervous system. Planetary ruler = Mercury.

Libra - September 23rd through October 22nd . Governs all problems and illnesses associated with the appendix, kidneys, liver and lower back. Planetary ruler = Venus.

Scorpio - October 23rd through November 22nd . Governs all problems and illnesses associated with the bladder, colon and reproductive organs. Planetary ruler = Mars in ancient texts, Pluto in the modern-day.

Sagittarius - November 23rd through December 21st. Governs all problems and illnesses associated with the hips and thighs. Planetary ruler = Jupiter.

Capricorn - December 22nd through January 19th . Governs all problems and illnesses associated with the bones, knees, joints and teeth. Planetary ruler = Saturn.

Aquarius - January 20th through February 19th . Governs all problems and illnesses associated with the calves, ankles and blood. Planetary ruler = Saturn in ancient texts, Uranus in the modern-day.

Pisces - February 20th through March 20th . Governs all problems and illnesses associated with the feet and toes. Planetary ruler = Jupiter in ancient texts, Neptune in the modern-day.

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