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Native American Herb Books

July 12th 2008 17:35
A couple of the members of one of the other pagan groups I belong to were asking about recommendations on herbs books. I decided to start a new discussion for each category of herb book I have in my personal library along with adding the titles that I own in that category.

Comments from readers can be added for additional titles of books that you have read and would like to recommend to the members of I Love Herbs.

I'll be starting additional posts for herb book titles in the following categories: herb magic, herb gardening, herb cooking, medicinal herbs, etc...

NATIVE AMERICAN HERB BOOKS

1. The Cherokee Herbal; Native Plant Medicine from the Four Directions by J. T. Garrett.

2. Indian Herbalogy of North America; The Definitive Guide to Native Medicinal Plants and Their Uses by Alma R. Hutchens.

3. Spirit Healing; How to Make Your Life Work by Mary Dean Atwood.

4. Healing Secrets of the Native Americans; Herbs, Remedies and Practices that Restore the Body, Refresh the Mind and Rebuild the Spirit by Porter Shimer.

5. American Indian Healing Arts; Herbs, Rituals & Remedies for Every Season of Life by E. Barrie Kavasch and Karen Baar.

Take care,
Lynn AKA Herb Witch

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Top 10 Herb Societies

March 19th 2008 17:38
american botanical council logo
American Botanical Council Logo
Online Resources for National & International Herb Groups

Summary: Top 10 listing of national & international herb societies, groups, clubs and organizations. Includes the website address and a brief description of each society.


1. The Herb Society of America
The Herb Society of America is located in Kirtland, Ohio, near the Holden Arboretum. Membership is open to individuals & businesses with an interest in growing, processing and selling herbs and herb related products.

Membership in the Herb Society of America includes an annual copy of The Herbarist, the quarterly newsletter and access to many features on the website that aren't availalbe to the public. The societies website is a wealth of information including detailed profiles of individual herbs.

The National Herb Garden, located in the U.S. National Arboretum, in Washington, DC, was a gift from the society to the public. Completed in 1980, the National Herb Garden is situated on 2 1/2 acres and contains hundreds of herb species.

2. Herb Society UK
The Herb Society UK was founded in 1927 by herbalist and author Hilda Leyel (1880-1957). The societies current headquarters are located at Sulgrave Manor, the ancestral home of Geroge Washington. The manor, which dates to 1539, is home to the socieites herb garden and the children's Living Earth Garden, both of which are maintained by volunteers.

The Herb Society aims to increase the understanding, use and appreciation of herbs and their benefits to health. Although the Herb Society is located in Great Britain, members are located all over the globe including the USA, South Africa and Europe.

3. American Herb Association
The American Herb Association was founded in 1981 and is located in Nevada City, California. Kathi Keville, author of 11 herb and aromatherapy books, is the director of the association with over 30 years experience working with herbs. Kathi is also editor for the associations quarterly, 20 page newsletter which is included free with membership.

4. American Botanical Council
Founded in 1988, the American Botanical Council has been educating the public along with healthcare professionals on the safe and effective use of herbs and medicinal plants. Membership in the council includes a subscription to both the quarterly journal, the HerbalGram, and the monthly online newsletter, the HerbalEGram.

The American Botanical Council is headquartered at the Case Mill Homestead in Austin, Texas. Mark Blumenthal is the founder and executive director of the council and the editor of HerbalGram. For six years Mark was an Adjunct Associate Professor of Medicinal Chemistry at the University of Texas at Austin, College of Pharmacy.

5. Herb Research Foundation
The Herb Research Foundation was founded in 1983 with the mission to educate the public about the health benefits of herbs. The foundation is the co-founder and co-publisher of the HerbalGram journal along with the American Botanical Association.

Membership in the Herb Research Foundation includes a free subscription to either the HerbalGram or Herbs for Health magazine. Membership benefits also include a subscription to the quarterly newsletter, Herb Research News, and a Herb Research Foundation tote bag.

6. National Institute of Medical Herbalists
Founded in 1863, the National Institute of Medical Herbalists is the UK's leading professional body representing herbal medicine practitioners.

7. The International Herb Association
The International Herb Association is located in Jacksonville, Florida. The association was founded in 1985 and is a professional trade association for herb related businesses. Membership benefits include a copy of the associations quarterly newsletter, a copy of the yearly herb of the year publication, a listing in the IHA Membership Directory of Herb Professionals along with a listing in their online directory.

8. The American Herbalists Guild
Founded in 1989, the American Herbalists Guild primary goal is to "promote a high level of professionalism and education in the study and practice of therapeutic herbalism." Many of the founders of the guild are big names in the herbalist world including Michael Tierra, Christopher Hobbs, Steven Foster, Kathi Keville and Mark Blumenthal. The American Herbalists Guild publishes a biannual journal on botanical medicine.

9. United Plant Savers
The mission of the United Plant Savers is to protect native medicinal plants of the United States and Canada and their native habitat while ensuring an abundant renewable supply of medicinal plants for generations to come.

10. Herb Growing & Marketing Network
The Herb Growing & Marketing Network is a trade association and information resource service for herb businesses and serious hobbyists. The network publishes The Business of Herbs, a online bimonthly trade journal, and The Herbal Green Pages, an annual resource guide.
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peppermint
Botanical Illustration of Peppermint
Herbal Remedies for Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Using Peppermint, Ginger, Cinnamon and Dill for Natural Healing


According to David Hoffmann in his book Healthy Digestion [Storey Books, 2000] "Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a common disorder characterized by crampy pain, gassiness, bloating, and changes in bowel habits. It might manifest as constipation or diarrhea or swing between both and can result in headaches and anxiety."

Herbal Remedies for the IBS Patient

Peppermint - enteric coated peppermint oil capsules may help reduce the symptoms of gas, crampy pain and bloating associated with IBS. The enteric coating allows the capsule to pass undigested through the stomach and reach the intestines. If the capsule were to digest in the stomach side effects such as heartburn would likely occur.

Fennel and dill - these two herbs have been used for years to help treat colicky babies. Fennel and dill seeds can be brewed into a calming tea which helps to reduce the symptoms associated with gas and bloating.

See my entire article, Herbal Remedies for Irritable Bowel Syndrome, on the Associated Content website. The article covers additional herbs that can help relieve the symptoms associated with IBS along with foods that should be avoided if you suffer from IBS.
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Herb Profile: Lemon Verbena

March 18th 2008 15:12
Lemon verbena
Lemon Verbena
Overview: Lemon verbena is a deciduous, woody shrub which is native to south America. The leaves have a strong lemon scent, which makes this plant a great substitute for fresh lemon.

Latin Name: Aloysia triphylla.

Common Name: Lemon verbena.

Alternate Names: Known as the lemon plant in Victorian times.

Zones: Hardy to USDA Zones 9-11.

Sun: Full sun.

Soil: Well drained soil.

Mature Size: When grown outdoors, in the ground, lemon verbena can grow up to 10 feet high and ten feet wide. Leaves reach up to 4 inches long. Container grown plants will be significantly smaller. Produces small, pale lavender flowers in late summer.

Starting New Plants: Lemon verbena can be started from cuttings taken in the late summer. Lemon verbena can also be started from seeds, however; homegrown plants rarely produce seeds. If you can find lemon verbena seeds from a gardening catalog, you may want to try starting plants from seed.

Parts Used: Both the fresh and dried leaves are used for a variety of culinary, aroma therapeutic and medicinal uses. The dried leaves will retain their strong lemon fragrance for up to 3 years.

Culinary Uses: Both the fresh and the dried leaves can be used in a variety of culinary creations. The leaves can be a bit tough, so be sure to choose small, tender leaves and leaf tips. If using fresh leaves, finely chop them before adding them to recipes.

Infuse the dried leaves into a calming, relaxing tea. The finely chopped leaves can be added to baked goods, poultry stuffing, fruit salads, dressings, sauces and even homemade ice cream.

Aromatherapy Uses: The essential oil can be used to scent soaps, candles, bath oils and perfumes. Use caution when working with the undiluted essential oil, as it can cause photosensitivity in susceptible individuals. However; when diluted with other ingredients, as when making a lotion, this shouldn’t be a problem. The dried leaves make a wonderful addition to potpourri blends and sachets.

Medicinal Uses: Lemon verbena helps soothe bronchial and nasal congestion. It is a sedative and calming herb which can be used to help quiet a nervous disposition. Lemon verbena has also been used to bring relief from various digestive problems including indigestion, gas and nausea.

Growing Tips: Pinch out the leaf tips in order to encourage a bushy plant. New growth doesn’t appear until late spring or early summer, so don’t think the plant has died if new growth isn’t showing at the first sign of spring. Lemon verbena is a heavy feeder and needs regular applications of fish emulsion or liquid seaweed fertilizer during the summer.

Unless you live in the subtropics or tropics, lemon verbena won’t do well grown directly in the garden. However; lemon verbena does quite well when grown in containers. The containers can be placed outdoors during the late spring through summer, and brought indoors once the temperature falls below 20 ° Fahrenheit.

Indoor plants may attract spider mites. Use a plant mister to gently wash off the mites from the leaves. Most of the leaves may fall off in the winter, as lemon verbena is a deciduous plant. Prune back the plant to 10-12 inches and reduce the amount of water it is given during the winter. Move the container back outside in the late spring, once the temperature has warmed up.
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Cetaphil® Daily Facial Cleanser

March 12th 2008 22:57
cetaphil face cleanser
Cetaphil® Daily Facial Cleanser


Cetaphil® Daily Facial Cleanser For Normal to Oily Skin

I've been working like a mad woman for the past 2 weeks on a really intense herb gardening writing assignment. I've been eating WAY too much junk food and not getting my usual amount of exercise and my skin is starting to object. I recently purchased a bottle of Cetaphil® Daily Facial Cleanser For Normal to Oily Skin at my local Walgreen's.

Cetaphil® Daily Facial Cleanser For Normal to Oily Skin is a gentle, foaming cleanser that doesn't dry out my skin. My 12 year old daughter, who is on the brink of puberty and starting to have problems with her skin, saw the bottle in my bathroom and asked if she could borrow it. She liked it so much that the next day I went out and bought her a bottle to keep in her own bathroom.

If you are looking for new cleansers to add to your regime, check out the Cetaphil® line of products. Cetaphil® also makes a gentle skin version of the foaming cleanser along with a variety of cleansing bars and moisturizers.

Wish me luck as I go through the final phase of my writing project. Once that is finished I will get back to posting to I Love Herbs on a regular basis.

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Herbal Help for Parkinson's Disease

March 12th 2008 14:04
Tea pot
Cup of Tea?
Health
Black Tea May Cut Risk of Parkinson’s Disease

Foodconsumer.org

As reported on Foodconsumer.org Friday February 22, 2008, a study conducted at the National Neuroscience Institute in Singapore reported that drinking at least 23 cups of black tea a month may slash the risk of Parkinson's disease by 71%.

Study participants, 63,257 Chinese men and women in Singapore, were surveyed about their tea drinking habits when entering the study. Diet and caffeine was ruled out as having no impact on the results and researchers reported, "Ingredients in black tea other than caffeine appear to be responsible for the beverage's inverse association with Parkinson's disease."

The results, published in the December 2007 issue of the American Journal of Epidemiology, recorded 57 incidents of Parkinson's disease between 1993 and 2005, suggesting that drinking black tea may cut the risk of Parkinson's disease.
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Richter's Herbs

March 6th 2008 16:34
Plants, Seeds, More!


Canadian Herb Grower
Richter's Herbs is a fantastic herb nursery that is located in Goodwood, Ontario - which is approximately 30 minutes NE of Toronto, CANADA. If you happen to be in the area, stop by to visit their greenhouses, large gift shop and pick out a bunch of goodies for your herb garden. I've never had a chance to visit them in person (I live in SE Florida, USA) but I have purchased plants, seeds and aromatherapy products from them for a number of years.

Fantastic Catalog
Their website is fantastic but I recommend ordering a copy of their HUGE FREE catalog. I use the catalog like a herb reference book it contains so much information. Richter's sells a variety of herb seeds, herb plants, herb books, dried herbs and herbal extracts. Many of the plants are hard to find anywhere else.

From Their Website
"If you grow your own herbs or make your own herbal products, or if you are in the business of herbs, make Richters your destination.

Richters has been growing and selling herbs since 1969. Our first catalogue dedicated to herbs came out in 1970. We have lived, worked and breathed herbs ever since."

Interesting Herb Varieties
Their plants are available individually, in 12 plant plug packs and in 120 plant plug trays for the serious grower. Interesting varieties include arnica, Aztec sweeet herb, bloodroot, comfrey, ginkgo, hops, licorice, scullcap, allheal, stevia and belladonna. Definately not the kind of herbs I can find at my local garden centers.

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Ayurvedic Medicine & Herbs

February 28th 2008 16:19
thai basil
Thai Basil - Image by Lynn Smythe


Ayurveda, Ayurvedic Medicines, Herbs And Herbal Remedies Ayurveda, Ayurvedic Medicines, Herbs And Herbal Remedies by Ayurvedic Cure.com

What is Ayurveda and Its Importance?

Ayurveda is a traditional holistic healing. Translated from Sanskrit, Ayurveda means 'the science of life'. ayur means "life" and veda means "science. India system which largely depends on plant support to form major Chunk of its medicine. Most of the herbs, spices, seeds, roots, leaves, stems, petals and flowers are deeply ingrained in all Indian homes where 'home remedies' are popular. Even certain family members in some family are adept in curing even intricate disorders by simple and cost effective formulations which, at times, have shown marvelous and astounding results.

All over the world today we are looking for a natural system of healing that is comprehensive and complete, that is not merely some curious form of folk healing but a real and rational system of medicine that is sensitive to both nature and the Earth. This is exactly what Ayurveda has to offer, for it has a many thousand year-old clinical tradition and a comprehensive natural method of treatment ranging from diet, herbs and massage.

With Ayurveda we learn the right diet for our individual type, how to improve our immune system, he keys to right use of sexual energy and rejuvenation,a nd a conscious way of life that can lift us to a new level of awareness in all our endeavors.

Without such natural wisdom as Ayurveda, we may find ourselves not only unhealthy, but unhappy and spiritually confused.

Ayurveda Principles and Theory

Ayurveda system is the prominent user of herbs and its basic theory revolves round imbalance and vitiation of three humors (Doshas).

Ether (Akash), Air (Vayu), Fire (Agni), Water (Jal) and Earth (Prithvi) are the great five elements which underline all living systems. these elements are constantly changing and interacting and can be simplified into three Vitiations (Doshas). When these doshas remain under harmony and balance, health of body does not get disturbed but, when their balance gets disturbed, a diseased state sets in.

The three doshas are vata (Wind), Pitta (Bile) and Kapha (Phlegm) and due to predominance of the one dosha, a person's personality is determined that is ' Vata-Prakriti', 'Pitta- Prakriti' or 'Kapha Prakriti'

Vata formed from ether and air, governs all movement in the mind and body and must be kept in good balance.

Pitta formed from fire and water, governs "all heat, metabolism and transformation in the mind and body

Kapha formed from earth and water, cements the elements in the body, providing the material for physical structure

Each person has an individual blend of the three doshas, with one or sometimes two doshas predominating.

Common Herbs used in Ayurvedic Medicines

Amalaki (Amla or Indian Gooseberry or Emblica officinalis) - The fruit is reputed to have the highest content of vitamin C of any natural occuring substance in nature. It maintains balance amongst three doshas and effectively controls digestive problems, strengthens heart, normalises cholesterol, prevents cancer, builds up and sustain defence mechanism, improves eye-sight and detoxifies the body.

Amla is said to have 20 times more vitamin C than orange. The vitamin C content of amla is between 625mg - 1814mg per 100gms. Other studies show that amla increases red blood cell count and hemoglobin. A research tem discovered that when Amla is taken regularly as a dietary supplement, it counteracts the toxic effects of prolonged exposure to environmental heavy metals, such as lead, aluminium and nickel.

Ashwagandha (Winter Cherry or Withania Somnifera) - Ashwagandha is one of the main herbs for promoting ojas and rejuvenating the body in Ayurveda. It is a well known semen promoter and it treats impotency and infertility.

Clinical studies show that Ashwagandha has antibacterial, antitumor, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulating properties. The strong anti-stress actions, increases memory and learning capabilities. It has also found to be useful in Rheumatic and Arthritic disorders like pain, swelling etc

Summing up, it is a strong Aphrodisiac and has Immunomodulating, anti- inflammatory, anti tumor and anti stress properties which clearly shows why Ayurveda has such a high opinion of this herb as a general tonic.

Arjuna (Terminalia Arjuna) - It is a cardiac tonic of high quality. Terminalia arjuna, is known to be beneficial for the treatment of heart ailments since 500 BC. Clinical research has indicated its usefulness in relieving anginal pain, and in the treatment of coronary artery disease, heart failure, and possibly hypercholesterolemia.

"Terminalia arjuna bark extract, 500 mg 8 hourly, given to patients with stable angina with provocable ischemia on treadmill exercise, led to improvement in clinical and treadmill exercise parameters as compared to placebo therapy." Result on Clinical Research Conducted.

Improvement of cardiac muscle function and subsequent improved pumping activity of the heart seem to be the primary benefits of Terminalia Arjuna.

Brahmi (Bacopa, Gotu Kola) - Brahmi is known as "the food for brain". Traditionally Brahmi is used as a mental tonic, to rejuvenate the body, as a promoter of memory and as a nerve tonic. It promotes a calm, clear mind, and improves mental function.

Modern Research claims that brahmi improves memory and helps overcome the negative effects of stress. Brahmi is especially suitable for students as it enhances the minds ability to learn and to focus and for an elderly person hoping to regain their memory. It is unique in its ability to invigorate mental processes whilst reducing the effects of stress and nervous anxiety.

As a nervine tonic, Brahmi has been used to help those affected by stroke, nervous breakdown or exhaustion and Attention Deficit Disorder. The best Ayurvedic brain and memory formulas contain brahmi, as do many of the long life promoting compounds.

Guggulu (Shuddha Guggulu, Guggul, Commiphora Mukul) - Modern Research shows that it is the prime Ayurvedic herb for treating obesity and high cholesterol. Studies shows that guggulu lowers serum cholesterol and phospholipids, and that it also protects against cholesterol- induced atherosclerosis. Guggulu were seen to lower body weight in these clinical studies.

Guggulu also as anti-inflammatory properties and is effective in treating arthritis and other joint pains.

Karela (Bitter Melon, Bitter Gourd, Momordica Charantia) - At least three different groups of constituents have been reported to have blood sugar lowering actions in bitter Mellon. These include a mixture of steroidal saponins known as charantin, insulin-like peptides, and alkaloids. Scientific studies have consistently shown that bitter melon lowers blood sugar level of Type 2 Diabetes.

It could probably reduce the patients intake of antidiabetic drugs. Also Bitter Melon has two proteins which are thought to repress the AIDS virus.

Recently, the Department of Health in the Philippines has recommended bitter melon as one of the best herbal medicines for diabetic management.

Neem (Azadirachta Indica) - Neem is an extraordinary blood purifier, good for al skin diseases like acne, eczema, psoriasis and teeth and gums. Neem is included in most Ayurvedic Skin products because it is as effective on an external application as through internal indigestion.

In Ayurveda it has been safely used for over five thousand years and are a good immunity booster to prevent colds, fevers, infections and various skin diseases.

Shilajit (Mineral Pitch, Asphaltum) - Shilajit is one of the prime Ayurvedic compounds for rejuvenating the body. it is an aphrodisiac, anti-aging herb and to treat diabetes and debilitating urinary problems.

The Charaka Samhita states that a person must use shilajit for a minimum of one month before starting to realize he regenerating effects. It is also used to treat impotency and infertility. it is well known that Shilajit would return the libido of people to level of teenagers.

There is a folk saying by the indigenous people who live in the Himalayan region that Shilajit makes the body strong as a rock. It is an adaptogen, (Rasayna), that helps to combat immune disorders, urinary tract disorders, nervous disorders and sexual dissatisfaction.

Shallaki (Boswellia Serrata, Salai Guggul) - Modern Research indicate that the Boswellia herb may assist in treating joint mobility, pain, and may be a useful remedy for a variety of inflammatory diseases like rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. A recent clinical trial suggests positive effects of Boswellia serrata extract in knee osteoarthritis.

Boswellia has also been found to be useful for a number of other disorders and best for treating Back Pain, Knee Pain, Joint Pain and Arthritis. This herb has also been proposed as a possible therapy for Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.

Triphala (Amalaki, Bibhitaki, Haritaki) - Triphala has got the properties of three famous nutrients: amla, haritaki and bibhitaki. The advantage of this formula is that it is milder in action and more balanced than any of the three alone.

It has cleansing and detoxifying action. Used regularly it is good for gentle, slow detoxification of the digestive tract and then the deep tissues. It also has the ability to normalize all three humors with continued use.

As a daily supplement triphala is hard to beat; that' s why in India they say "even if your mother leaves you, every thing will be fine if you have triphala"

Tulsi (Holy Basil, Ocimum Sanctum) - Its very name Holy Basil certifies to its sacred nature. It is a sacred plant worshipped in many Indian homes and is a must in every Hindu’s house.

Holy basil is also a major ingredient of many Ayurvedic cough syrups. it is a good stress reliever, and modern research has found it to be good for Respiratory problems, Cold, Fever and all types of Cough.

About the Author: http://AyurvedicCure.com, http://www.ayurvediccure.com - Ayurveda, Ayurvedic Medicines and Herbal Remedies Guide. Health Guide featuring Home Remedies, Herbal Supplements and information on herbs and their benefits. Online Health Store with Free Shipping Worldwide! Stay tuned to our Ayurvedic Health Blog at http://www.ayurvediccure.com/blog

Article Source: NewAgeArticles.com

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Llewellyn Books

February 24th 2008 01:24

I've been a freelance writer for over 8 years. Over the years I've had a number of articles published in various Llewellyn publications. My articles have appeared in Llewellyn's yearly Witches' Calendar, Wtiches' Datebook, Magical Almanac and Herbal Almanac.

Here are links to a few of my favorite Llewellyn books that are in my personal library. Anyone with an interest in herbalism, herb magic or herbal medicine may want to research one or more of these titles.

Reach for the moon with Llewellyn Reach for the moon with Llewellyn Reach for the moon with Llewellyn Reach for the moon with Llewellyn Reach for the moon with Llewellyn Reach for the moon with Llewellyn Reach for the moon with Llewellyn Reach for the moon with Llewellyn Reach for the moon with Llewellyn Reach for the moon with Llewellyn Reach for the moon with Llewellyn Reach for the moon with Llewellyn


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Flower Remedies & Floral Waters

February 18th 2008 18:22
roses
Roses
FLOWER REMEDIES
Flower essences were invented in the 1930‘s by Dr. Edward Bach. There are 38 traditional Bach Flower Remedies. Additional flower remedies have been produced throughout the years although purists stick with the original 38 formulas created by Dr. Bach.

Flower essences are readily available for purchase through the internet and many health food stores. These extremely mild formulas treat the personality and emotional problems of the person being cured which manifest themselves in a variety of physical symptoms. These essences are taken either individually or two or more are taken in combination.

MAKE YOUR OWN FLORAL WATERS
To make your own flower remedies you need to fill a bowl with spring or mineral water and place it outside on a sunny day. Cover the surface of the water with the flower of your choice using only one flower per remedy. Chicory, vervain and mustard are some common flowers used to make the Bach Flower Remedies.

After soaking in the sun for 3-4 hours strain out and discard the flowers. Add 5 ounces of this flower infused water to 5 ounces of 40 proof brandy and place it in a glass bottle. You now have a mixture which is called the mother tincture. To make the flower remedy mix 2 drops of the mother tincture with 1 ounce of 25 proof brandy and place this mixture into a dark glass bottle. To administer the flower remedy place 2 drops of each remedy being used into an 8 ounce glass of water and sip slowly.

HERBAL ESSENCES
Herbal essences, also known as hydrosols, are the scented water that is left over after making essential oil from herbs and flowers. Herbal essences are a magically charged and lighter version of the corresponding essential oil and can be used for a variety of magical and healing purposes. A quick way to make herbal essences is by mixing a few drops of essential oil into 1 cup of food grade alcohol such as brandy or vodka. Add a few drops of this oil/alcohol mixture to one cup of water to enjoy the magic healing benefits of the herb.

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Herb & Spice Glossaries

February 12th 2008 17:51
spilanthes
Spilanthes AKA Sechuan Buttons
Medicinal, Culinary and Decorative Uses of Natural Ingredients

I am the Herbs & Spices Feature Writer on the Suite101 website. In addition to writing regular articles to upload to the site, feature writer's are also encouraged to add glossaries and dictionaries to their topic of expertise. I decided to put together a glossary of all the herbs and spices I have experience cooking with, I've even grown many of the ingredients in my various gardens.

Suite101 likes articles in the 400-600 word range. My glossary ended up at around 3,000 words so I had to break it down into 6 parts in order to upload it to Suite101.

The herbs and spices which I have included in the glossaries have a myriad of medicinal, culinary and decorative uses. Each glossary lists the Latin and common names of each herb and spice, many of which can be grown by the average home gardener.

Here are links to the 6 Herb & Spice Glossaries I've written for Suite101:

Herb Glossary: Allspice to Caraway
Herb Glossary: Catmint to Dill
Herrb Glossary: Epazote to Kaffir Lime
Herb Glossary: Lavender to Oregano
Herb Glossary: Paprika to Rosemary
Herb Glossary: Saffron to Vanilla

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Healthy Cooking with Spices

January 19th 2008 21:21
cinnamon
Cinnamon Quills
Healthy Cooking with Spices;
Nutritional Benefits of Cinnamon, Ginger, Nutmeg and More
© Lynn Smythe

Overview
Adding aromatic and flavorsome spices to your recipes has a variety of health benefits.
Spices are full of antioxidants which may help prevent certain conditions, such as premature aging and heart problems, from occurring.

My complete article, Healthy Cooking with Spices, can viewed on the Suite101 website.



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Monk Herbalists

January 17th 2008 19:51
the cloisters
The Cloisters Monastic Herb Garden
At larger monasteries one monk may have been assigned the duty of herbalist. It was the herbalist's duty to study the many medicinal herbs grown in the monastery. The herbalist would also be responsible for the preparation of the various ointments and lotions that the monastery's physician would have used while tending the sick. The monk-herbalist probably had a stillroom or workshop where he could dry and store the herbs and create the various tinctures and salves that were a necessary part of daily medieval monastery life.

"No joy is so great in a life of seclusion as that of gardening. No matter what the soil may be, sandy or heavy clay, on a hill or a slope, it will serve well."
Walafrid Strabo, Hortulus, c. 840 AD


Hortulus
Hortulus was a poem written by the German monk Walafrid Strabo in the 9th century. Strabo, who lived from 808-849 AD, was the Abbot of Reichenau, an island monastery located on Lake Constance in Switzerland. Hortulus, which translates to "The Little Garden", describes Strabo's personal monastery garden. The poem contains descriptions of the many herbs that were grown in his garden along with their medicinal uses.

"Amongst my herbs, sage holds the place of honour; of good scent it is and full of virtue for many ills."
Walafrid Strabo, Hortulus, c. 840 AD


The Plants
Some of the plants that are mentioned in the poem include the following:

Betony - Stachys officinalis - betony was thought to be a sort of panacea in the Middle Ages and a wide range of symptoms and problems were thought to be alleviated by this wonder herb. An infusion made of the leaves helped to relieve headaches.

Catmint - Nepeta cataria - an infusion of the leaves was used to relieve cold symptoms and to help calm a nervous disposition.

Chervil - Anthriscus cerefolium - this herb was used as a blood purifier and to warm and sooth a weak stomach.

Horehound - Marrubium vulgare - the juice expressed from the leaves was mixed with honey and used to relieve coughs and colds.

Poppies - Papaver somniferous - a syrup was made of the seed heads and used as a sleep potion, pain reliever and cough medicine. This is the opium poppy from which morphine, heroine and codeine are derived and is currently subject to legal restrictions.

My complete article, Monk Herbalist; All About Ancient Medieval Healers, can be found on the Associated Content website.
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Monastery Gardens

January 14th 2008 19:21
monastery
Santa Maria de El Paular Benedictine Monastery
"Spreading herbs and flowerets bright,
Glisten'd with the dew of night,
Nor herb nor floweret glisten'd there,
But was carved in the cloister-arches as fair."

-Sir Walter Scott, The Lay of the Last Minstrel, Canto II


Monastic communities were designed to be largely self sufficient. The monks needed to grow all the plant material they required for their daily survival such as foods, seasonings, medications, dye plants, aromatics, pest and insect control.

St. Benedict
St. Benedict was the founder of the Benedictine monastic order. St. Benedict drew up his monastic rule in the 6th century for use by his monastic community in Monte Cassino, Italy. The following passage is from the 66th chapter of the Regula Sancti Benedicti (Rule of Saint Benedict):

"Whenever possible the monastery should be laid out so that everything essential, that is to say water, mills, garden and workshops for the plying of the various crafts, is found within the monastery walls."

The location of monasteries was usually keyed to discovering a source of water such as a natural spring, pond or river. The water source could be diverted to various locations throughout the monastery to be used for cooking, bathing and watering the gardens. Discovering a reliable source of water was an essential element necessary for the self sufficiency of the monasteries.

Types of Monastic Gardens
"And the LORD God planted a garden eastward in Eden; and there he put the man whom he had formed. And out of the ground made the LORD God to grow every tree that is pleasant to the sight, and good for food; the tree of life also in the midst of the garden, and the tree of knowledge of good and evil. And a river went out of Eden, to water the garden; and from thence it was parted, and became into four heads."
-Genesis 2:8-10


Cloister garth
The cloister garth was a centrally located courtyard surrounded by the main buildings of the monastery namely the church, refectory, and dormitory. It contained covered alleys or hallways with a central portion open to the sky and enabled the monks to walk and meditate while partaking of the fresh air. The central courtyard section was sometimes planted with herbs and flowers. This garden was often divided into quadrants thought to represent either the four rivers of the garden of Eden or the four elements, namely earth, air, fire and water. The cloister garth often included a central fountain or sundial as part of its design.

Cemetery/orchard
When monks passed away at the monastery they were buried in the monasteries cemetery. The cemetery and surrounding grounds would often be planted with various fruit and nut trees such as apples, pears, cherries, walnuts and almonds. The fruits harvested from the trees, besides being used for culinary purposes, were also used to make a variety of beverages such as cider and perry. Perry was a fermented beverage similar to cider but made with pears instead of apples.

Kitchen
The kitchen garden was known in Latin as the hortus. Culinary herbs were grown in the kitchen garden along with many varieties of vegetables. This garden was located close to the kitchen in order to facilitate the preparation of meals. The poultry and other animal pens would have been located close to the kitchen garden as the manure cleaned out of the pens would have provided a ready source of organic fertilizer that could be used on the garden planting beds.

In addition to the various types of vegetables grown in the kitchen garden a variety of culinary herbs such as dill, oregano and parsley would also be grown in this garden.

My complete article, Monastery Gardens; Ancient Herbal Folklore, can be found on the Associated Content website.
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