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Herb Gardens Blog

April 23rd 2008 23:48
herb gardens banner

Hello,

I guess I haven't posted to the I Love Herbs site in awhile. I've been doing TONS of writing for my other sites.

I just started a Herb Gardens blog on the Today.com site. The blog went live yesterday so there are only two posts on the site so far.


I'll be adding lots of herb profiles and pictures of herbs to the site. Please stop by and visit my Herb Gardens site when you get a chance.

Take care,
Lynn
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Herb Profile: Lemon Grass

March 27th 2008 14:23
Lemon Grass
Lemon Grass

Herb Profile: Lemon Grass

Overview: Lemon grass is a tender perennial herb, which is native to India and Sri Lanka. Lemon grass, with its lemony flavor and aroma, is used extensively in Asian-style cooking. Both the large, grassy leaves and the bulbous leaf base can be added to recipes. The commercially produced essential oil is used as both a food flavoring and a cosmetic ingredient.


Latin Name: Cymbopogon citratus.

Common Name: Lemon Grass.

Zones: This tropical plant is hardy in USDA Zones 9-10.

Mature Size: Mature plants can grow up to 5 feet tall by 3 feet wide.

Sun Exposure: Full sun in well-drained soil. Lemon grass does best when grown in moist soil in a moderately humid environment.

Growing Tips: Give this plant plenty of room to grow. Lemon grass can be over wintered in areas where the temperature doesn’t go below 45 degrees. For other areas, try growing a small clump of lemon grass in a large container. The container can be brought indoors during the colder months.

Starting New Plants: Lemon grass can also be started from seed. However, container-grown plants will rarely grow large enough to produce flowers. Fresh lemon grass stalks, purchased from the grocery store, can be used to start new plants. Simply peel off the outer leaves of a few stalks and place them in a glass of water. Place the glass in a sunny location, such as a windowsill, and change the water every few days. The stalks will start to produce roots in a few weeks, at which point they can be planted in a container or directly in the ground.

Maintenance Tips: In the early spring, cut back the leaves of this plant to just a few inches above the ground. Lemon grass that is grown outdoors should be divided every year. Dig up and divide the plant into smaller clumps which can then be replanted in other parts of the garden or used for additional container plantings.

Parts Used: The fresh leaves can be brewed into a refreshing tea while the dried leaves make a wonderful addition to potpourri blends. The lower, bulbous portion of the leaf stalk are either thinly sliced or crushed before being added to culinary creations. The crushed stalk needs to be removed and discarded prior to serving the meal.

Storage: Lemon grass leaves are best used fresh, as they lose most of their flavor and aroma when dried. However, the stalks can be processed for long term storage in either the refrigerator or freezer. To store in the refrigerator, for up to 3 weeks, simply place the stalks into a plastic bag. Or place the plastic bag full of lemon grass stalks in the freezer for up to 6 months.
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Herb Profile: Society Garlic

March 26th 2008 14:19
society garlic flowers
Society Garlic Flowers
Herb Profile: Society Garlic

Overview: Society garlic is a perennial, semi-evergreen plant that is native to South Africa. This plant is a member of the amaryllidaceae family which includes other ornamental plants such as amaryllis, daffodil, lily-of-the-valley, snowdrop and spider lily.

Latin Name: Tulbaghia violacea

Common Name: Society garlic, aka wild garlic

Zones: Hardy to USDA Zone 8 with winter protection. Society garlic is susceptible to frost damage if the temperate drops below 25° Fahrenheit.

Mature Size: Mature society garlic plants can grow to be 18 to 24 inches high and 10 inches wide.

Sun Exposure: Full sun to part shade in a well-drained soil.

Growing Tips: Society garlic forms dense, grass-like clumps of dark green leaves and is typically grown as an ornamental, landscaping plant. It makes a nice edging plant to grow along borders and walkways. Society garlic produces clumps of star-shaped flowers on the end of long stems. This plant can often be purchased from garden and nursery centers in either a white flowering, or the more common, violet flowering variety.

Starting New Plants: Society garlic can easily be propagated by digging up a clump and dividing it into smaller sections. The smaller sections can be replanted in another location of the garden or planted in containers. Container grown plants can be grown indoors or out. If growing society garlic indoors, make sure that it receives adequate sunlight.

Maintenance Tips: Society garlic is susceptible to aphids, whiteflies and southern blight, which is a type of fungal disease. To avoid these problems, ensure the plants get adequate sunlight and are not over-watered or grown in too shady of a location.

Parts Used: The entire plant is edible and all parts have an aroma and flavor which is like a garlicky onion. The leaves can be harvested and used as a chive substitute. The bulbous portion, at the base of each leaf, can be used as a green onion substitute. The flowers can be sprinkled on top of salads, or finely chopped and added to softened butter.

Storage: Society garlic is best used fresh. The leaves, which are similar to garlic chives, may be frozen if they are going to be added to soups, stews or sauces.
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Herb Profile: Roses

March 25th 2008 14:14
roses
Miniature Rose Bush
Herb Profile: Roses

Overview: Roses are a deciduous shrub with woody, stems which usually have thorns. Many variety of roses are available as there are over 200 species and 10,000 cultivars to choose from. Roses are most commonly grown for their ornamental, often fragrant, flowers. Certain varieties produce an abundance of rose hips.

Common Name: Rose

Latin name: Rosa spp.

Quote: “In many minds, the use of ROSES in cuisine is a gastronomic conceit, on par perhaps with the use of crystallized violets, Nonetheless, roses have played a part in cuisine for centuries.” Craig Claiborne; An Herb & Spice Cook Book (Bantam Books, 1965)

Zones: Hardy in USDA Hardiness Zones 4-8. Can be grown in almost any zone if the proper conditions are met.

Mature Size: Varies from less than 2 feet to over 20 feet.

Sun Exposure: Full sun to partial shade.

Soil: Grow in well-drained, moist soil.

Varieties of Interest :
R. canina - dog rose or brier rose. Single, flat flowers which are white or white tinged with a bit of pink. Produces an abundant number of hips.

R. rugosa - rugosa rose, another good variety to grow for its abundant hips.

R. eglanteria - eglantine or sweet brier rose. Single pink flowers and abundant red, rose hips.

R. villosa - apple rose, this rose has apple-scented leaves and produces abundant rose hips.

R. gallica var. officinalis - apothecary’s rose. Fragrant, semi-double, bright-pink blooms.

R. centifolia - cabbage or Provence rose, very fragrant petals.

R. damascena - damask rose, very fragrant petals


Growing Tips: Shrub roses make wonderful backdrop plants in the herb garden. Climbing roses make decorative accents when trained over an arbor or pergola. Many varieties, especially miniature roses, can successfully be grown in containers.

Starting New Plants: New rose plants can be started from seeds or cuttings.
Maintenance Tips: Prune out damaged or crowded branches as needed. Watch out for aphids, which can be knocked off with a blast of water. Roses are also susceptible to rust, blackspot and mildew. Cut off flowers after they have bloomed so the plant will continue to produce flowers. However, rose hips, which are the fruit of the rose, will only develop if the flowers are left on the plant.

Parts Used: Rose hips are collected in the fall, when they are fully ripened. Petals can be harvested anytime the plant is in bloom, typically from May until the first frost.

Medicinal, Culinary and Aromatic Uses: Rose hips are high in vitamin C and also contain calcium, phosphorus and iron. Rose hip syrup is used to treat coughs and colds. Rose essential oil, which is extracted from the petals, has been used to treat depression and anxiety. Aromatic rose water is used in a variety of aromatherapy products and in certain culinary dishes.

Both the hips and petals can be made into a variety of jams, jellies and preserves. The petals can be crystallized and used as a garnish on top of wedding cakes. The dried petals and hips can be used in potpourri, wreaths and dried flower arrangements.
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Herb Profile: Rue

March 24th 2008 14:09
rue
Rue
Herb Profile: Rue

Overview: Rue is a semi-evergreen, subshrub which is native to southern Europe. Rue, with it’s lacy, blue-green leaves, makes a nice ornamental planting in the herb garden. Rue also produces small, delicate yellow flowers in late summer.

Latin Name: Ruta graveolens

Common Name: Rue

Alternative Names: Herb of grace, herby grass

Zones: Hardy to USDA Zones 4-9

Mature Size: 24 inches tall and 12 to 18 inches wide. Leaves grow 4 to 6 inches long.
Sun Exposure: Full sun. Rue can stand partial shade especially in hotter climates.

Varieties of Interest:
R. graveolens "Blue curl’ - curled leaves.
R. graveolens ‘Jackman‘s blue‘ - intensely blue-green foliage.
R. graveolens ‘Variegata’ - variegated cream and green foliage.


Growing Tips: Rue can suffer from root rot and fungal diseases if the growing conditions become too damp. Keeping the soil a bit on the dry side is better than keeping the soil too damp.

All varieties of rue can be grown indoors, in containers. However, rue has a pungent, musky odor that some people may find disagreeable.

Starting New Plants: From seeds, stem cuttings or by root division.

Maintenance Tips: Prune rue back to within a few inches of the ground after it has finished flowering. Rue can also be pruned back in the early spring, if necessary, to help promote bushy growth.

If rue is bothered by aphids, wash them off with a blast of water from the garden hose. Severely affected leaves can be cut off the plant and discarded.

Parts Used: The fresh leaves can be used in floral arrangements. Add a few stems to a vase of flowers for an interesting look. The dried seed pods can be used in dried floral arrangements, wreaths and as an ornamental addition to potpourri.

Cautions: Rue was once used for a variety of culinary and medicinal purposes. However, due to safety concerns, it should only be grown for ornamental purposes in the modern garden.

Coming into contact with the essential oils in the plants leaves can cause photosensitivity, or a poison ivy-like rash in susceptible individuals. Be sure to wear gloves when working with this herb in the garden. Plant rue towards the back of the garden, away from any pathways where anyone may accidentally brush up against the plant.

Rue was used medicinally to help regulate and stimulate menstruation. However, rue was once used to induce abortion. Just to be safe, rue should be avoided by pregnant women.
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Top 10 Herb Societies

March 19th 2008 17:38
american botanical council logo
American Botanical Council Logo
Online Resources for National & International Herb Groups

Summary: Top 10 listing of national & international herb societies, groups, clubs and organizations. Includes the website address and a brief description of each society.

1. The Herb Society of America
The Herb Society of America is located in Kirtland, Ohio, near the Holden Arboretum. Membership is open to individuals & businesses with an interest in growing, processing and selling herbs and herb related products.

Membership in the Herb Society of America includes an annual copy of The Herbarist, the quarterly newsletter and access to many features on the website that aren't availalbe to the public. The societies website is a wealth of information including detailed profiles of individual herbs.

The National Herb Garden, located in the U.S. National Arboretum, in Washington, DC, was a gift from the society to the public. Completed in 1980, the National Herb Garden is situated on 2 1/2 acres and contains hundreds of herb species.

2. Herb Society UK
The Herb Society UK was founded in 1927 by herbalist and author Hilda Leyel (1880-1957). The societies current headquarters are located at Sulgrave Manor, the ancestral home of Geroge Washington. The manor, which dates to 1539, is home to the socieites herb garden and the children's Living Earth Garden, both of which are maintained by volunteers.

The Herb Society aims to increase the understanding, use and appreciation of herbs and their benefits to health. Although the Herb Society is located in Great Britain, members are located all over the globe including the USA, South Africa and Europe.

3. American Herb Association
The American Herb Association was founded in 1981 and is located in Nevada City, California. Kathi Keville, author of 11 herb and aromatherapy books, is the director of the association with over 30 years experience working with herbs. Kathi is also editor for the associations quarterly, 20 page newsletter which is included free with membership.

4. American Botanical Council
Founded in 1988, the American Botanical Council has been educating the public along with healthcare professionals on the safe and effective use of herbs and medicinal plants. Membership in the council includes a subscription to both the quarterly journal, the HerbalGram, and the monthly online newsletter, the HerbalEGram.

The American Botanical Council is headquartered at the Case Mill Homestead in Austin, Texas. Mark Blumenthal is the founder and executive director of the council and the editor of HerbalGram. For six years Mark was an Adjunct Associate Professor of Medicinal Chemistry at the University of Texas at Austin, College of Pharmacy.

5. Herb Research Foundation
The Herb Research Foundation was founded in 1983 with the mission to educate the public about the health benefits of herbs. The foundation is the co-founder and co-publisher of the HerbalGram journal along with the American Botanical Association.

Membership in the Herb Research Foundation includes a free subscription to either the HerbalGram or Herbs for Health magazine. Membership benefits also include a subscription to the quarterly newsletter, Herb Research News, and a Herb Research Foundation tote bag.

6. National Institute of Medical Herbalists
Founded in 1863, the National Institute of Medical Herbalists is the UK's leading professional body representing herbal medicine practitioners.

7. The International Herb Association
The International Herb Association is located in Jacksonville, Florida. The association was founded in 1985 and is a professional trade association for herb related businesses. Membership benefits include a copy of the associations quarterly newsletter, a copy of the yearly herb of the year publication, a listing in the IHA Membership Directory of Herb Professionals along with a listing in their online directory.

8. The American Herbalists Guild
Founded in 1989, the American Herbalists Guild primary goal is to "promote a high level of professionalism and education in the study and practice of therapeutic herbalism." Many of the founders of the guild are big names in the herbalist world including Michael Tierra, Christopher Hobbs, Steven Foster, Kathi Keville and Mark Blumenthal. The American Herbalists Guild publishes a biannual journal on botanical medicine.

9. United Plant Savers
The mission of the United Plant Savers is to protect native medicinal plants of the United States and Canada and their native habitat while ensuring an abundant renewable supply of medicinal plants for generations to come.

10. Herb Growing & Marketing Network
The Herb Growing & Marketing Network is a trade association and information resource service for herb businesses and serious hobbyists. The network publishes The Business of Herbs, a online bimonthly trade journal, and The Herbal Green Pages, an annual resource guide.
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Ayurvedic Medicine & Herbs

February 28th 2008 16:19
thai basil
Thai Basil - Image by Lynn Smythe


Ayurveda, Ayurvedic Medicines, Herbs And Herbal Remedies Ayurveda, Ayurvedic Medicines, Herbs And Herbal Remedies by Ayurvedic Cure.com

What is Ayurveda and Its Importance?

Ayurveda is a traditional holistic healing. Translated from Sanskrit, Ayurveda means 'the science of life'. ayur means "life" and veda means "science. India system which largely depends on plant support to form major Chunk of its medicine. Most of the herbs, spices, seeds, roots, leaves, stems, petals and flowers are deeply ingrained in all Indian homes where 'home remedies' are popular. Even certain family members in some family are adept in curing even intricate disorders by simple and cost effective formulations which, at times, have shown marvelous and astounding results.

All over the world today we are looking for a natural system of healing that is comprehensive and complete, that is not merely some curious form of folk healing but a real and rational system of medicine that is sensitive to both nature and the Earth. This is exactly what Ayurveda has to offer, for it has a many thousand year-old clinical tradition and a comprehensive natural method of treatment ranging from diet, herbs and massage.

With Ayurveda we learn the right diet for our individual type, how to improve our immune system, he keys to right use of sexual energy and rejuvenation,a nd a conscious way of life that can lift us to a new level of awareness in all our endeavors.

Without such natural wisdom as Ayurveda, we may find ourselves not only unhealthy, but unhappy and spiritually confused.

Ayurveda Principles and Theory

Ayurveda system is the prominent user of herbs and its basic theory revolves round imbalance and vitiation of three humors (Doshas).

Ether (Akash), Air (Vayu), Fire (Agni), Water (Jal) and Earth (Prithvi) are the great five elements which underline all living systems. these elements are constantly changing and interacting and can be simplified into three Vitiations (Doshas). When these doshas remain under harmony and balance, health of body does not get disturbed but, when their balance gets disturbed, a diseased state sets in.

The three doshas are vata (Wind), Pitta (Bile) and Kapha (Phlegm) and due to predominance of the one dosha, a person's personality is determined that is ' Vata-Prakriti', 'Pitta- Prakriti' or 'Kapha Prakriti'

Vata formed from ether and air, governs all movement in the mind and body and must be kept in good balance.

Pitta formed from fire and water, governs "all heat, metabolism and transformation in the mind and body

Kapha formed from earth and water, cements the elements in the body, providing the material for physical structure

Each person has an individual blend of the three doshas, with one or sometimes two doshas predominating.

Common Herbs used in Ayurvedic Medicines

Amalaki (Amla or Indian Gooseberry or Emblica officinalis) - The fruit is reputed to have the highest content of vitamin C of any natural occuring substance in nature. It maintains balance amongst three doshas and effectively controls digestive problems, strengthens heart, normalises cholesterol, prevents cancer, builds up and sustain defence mechanism, improves eye-sight and detoxifies the body.

Amla is said to have 20 times more vitamin C than orange. The vitamin C content of amla is between 625mg - 1814mg per 100gms. Other studies show that amla increases red blood cell count and hemoglobin. A research tem discovered that when Amla is taken regularly as a dietary supplement, it counteracts the toxic effects of prolonged exposure to environmental heavy metals, such as lead, aluminium and nickel.

Ashwagandha (Winter Cherry or Withania Somnifera) - Ashwagandha is one of the main herbs for promoting ojas and rejuvenating the body in Ayurveda. It is a well known semen promoter and it treats impotency and infertility.

Clinical studies show that Ashwagandha has antibacterial, antitumor, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulating properties. The strong anti-stress actions, increases memory and learning capabilities. It has also found to be useful in Rheumatic and Arthritic disorders like pain, swelling etc

Summing up, it is a strong Aphrodisiac and has Immunomodulating, anti- inflammatory, anti tumor and anti stress properties which clearly shows why Ayurveda has such a high opinion of this herb as a general tonic.

Arjuna (Terminalia Arjuna) - It is a cardiac tonic of high quality. Terminalia arjuna, is known to be beneficial for the treatment of heart ailments since 500 BC. Clinical research has indicated its usefulness in relieving anginal pain, and in the treatment of coronary artery disease, heart failure, and possibly hypercholesterolemia.

"Terminalia arjuna bark extract, 500 mg 8 hourly, given to patients with stable angina with provocable ischemia on treadmill exercise, led to improvement in clinical and treadmill exercise parameters as compared to placebo therapy." Result on Clinical Research Conducted.

Improvement of cardiac muscle function and subsequent improved pumping activity of the heart seem to be the primary benefits of Terminalia Arjuna.

Brahmi (Bacopa, Gotu Kola) - Brahmi is known as "the food for brain". Traditionally Brahmi is used as a mental tonic, to rejuvenate the body, as a promoter of memory and as a nerve tonic. It promotes a calm, clear mind, and improves mental function.

Modern Research claims that brahmi improves memory and helps overcome the negative effects of stress. Brahmi is especially suitable for students as it enhances the minds ability to learn and to focus and for an elderly person hoping to regain their memory. It is unique in its ability to invigorate mental processes whilst reducing the effects of stress and nervous anxiety.

As a nervine tonic, Brahmi has been used to help those affected by stroke, nervous breakdown or exhaustion and Attention Deficit Disorder. The best Ayurvedic brain and memory formulas contain brahmi, as do many of the long life promoting compounds.

Guggulu (Shuddha Guggulu, Guggul, Commiphora Mukul) - Modern Research shows that it is the prime Ayurvedic herb for treating obesity and high cholesterol. Studies shows that guggulu lowers serum cholesterol and phospholipids, and that it also protects against cholesterol- induced atherosclerosis. Guggulu were seen to lower body weight in these clinical studies.

Guggulu also as anti-inflammatory properties and is effective in treating arthritis and other joint pains.

Karela (Bitter Melon, Bitter Gourd, Momordica Charantia) - At least three different groups of constituents have been reported to have blood sugar lowering actions in bitter Mellon. These include a mixture of steroidal saponins known as charantin, insulin-like peptides, and alkaloids. Scientific studies have consistently shown that bitter melon lowers blood sugar level of Type 2 Diabetes.

It could probably reduce the patients intake of antidiabetic drugs. Also Bitter Melon has two proteins which are thought to repress the AIDS virus.

Recently, the Department of Health in the Philippines has recommended bitter melon as one of the best herbal medicines for diabetic management.

Neem (Azadirachta Indica) - Neem is an extraordinary blood purifier, good for al skin diseases like acne, eczema, psoriasis and teeth and gums. Neem is included in most Ayurvedic Skin products because it is as effective on an external application as through internal indigestion.

In Ayurveda it has been safely used for over five thousand years and are a good immunity booster to prevent colds, fevers, infections and various skin diseases.

Shilajit (Mineral Pitch, Asphaltum) - Shilajit is one of the prime Ayurvedic compounds for rejuvenating the body. it is an aphrodisiac, anti-aging herb and to treat diabetes and debilitating urinary problems.

The Charaka Samhita states that a person must use shilajit for a minimum of one month before starting to realize he regenerating effects. It is also used to treat impotency and infertility. it is well known that Shilajit would return the libido of people to level of teenagers.

There is a folk saying by the indigenous people who live in the Himalayan region that Shilajit makes the body strong as a rock. It is an adaptogen, (Rasayna), that helps to combat immune disorders, urinary tract disorders, nervous disorders and sexual dissatisfaction.

Shallaki (Boswellia Serrata, Salai Guggul) - Modern Research indicate that the Boswellia herb may assist in treating joint mobility, pain, and may be a useful remedy for a variety of inflammatory diseases like rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. A recent clinical trial suggests positive effects of Boswellia serrata extract in knee osteoarthritis.

Boswellia has also been found to be useful for a number of other disorders and best for treating Back Pain, Knee Pain, Joint Pain and Arthritis. This herb has also been proposed as a possible therapy for Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.

Triphala (Amalaki, Bibhitaki, Haritaki) - Triphala has got the properties of three famous nutrients: amla, haritaki and bibhitaki. The advantage of this formula is that it is milder in action and more balanced than any of the three alone.

It has cleansing and detoxifying action. Used regularly it is good for gentle, slow detoxification of the digestive tract and then the deep tissues. It also has the ability to normalize all three humors with continued use.

As a daily supplement triphala is hard to beat; that' s why in India they say "even if your mother leaves you, every thing will be fine if you have triphala"

Tulsi (Holy Basil, Ocimum Sanctum) - Its very name Holy Basil certifies to its sacred nature. It is a sacred plant worshipped in many Indian homes and is a must in every Hindu’s house.

Holy basil is also a major ingredient of many Ayurvedic cough syrups. it is a good stress reliever, and modern research has found it to be good for Respiratory problems, Cold, Fever and all types of Cough.

About the Author: http://AyurvedicCure.com, http://www.ayurvediccure.com - Ayurveda, Ayurvedic Medicines and Herbal Remedies Guide. Health Guide featuring Home Remedies, Herbal Supplements and information on herbs and their benefits. Online Health Store with Free Shipping Worldwide! Stay tuned to our Ayurvedic Health Blog at http://www.ayurvediccure.com/blog

Article Source: NewAgeArticles.com

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Blog Universe Code

February 26th 2008 17:49
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Park Seeds in Space

February 25th 2008 17:40
cinnamon basil
Cinnamon Basil: www.parkseed.com
Park Seeds In Space
How many Ph.D.s does it take to open a NASA space seed container? That was just one of the many questions discussed when Dr. Bill Kinard from NASA visited Park Seed Company recently to deliver approximately 1 million Cinnamon Basil seeds that spent a year orbiting the Earth aboard the International Space Station. The seeds were donated by Park Seed as part of their long-standing Seeds in Space partnership with NASA. Now that the space seeds are back home in Greenwood, South Carolina, they will be packed and eventually made available to students around the U.S. for science projects. Park Seed and NASA have been jointly promoting hands-on science education since 1983.

The Cinnamon Basil seeds were taken aloft on July 4th, 2006, on space shuttle Discovery as part of mission STS-121. They were one of the experiments in MISSE 4. MISSE stands for Materials International Space Station Experiments, a series of experiments that attach a sturdy "suitcase" or Passive Experiment Container, to the outside of the International Space Station to test how various materials stand up to the rigors of outer space. Space Shuttle Endeavour (STS-118) retrieved the MISSE suitcase and brought the seeds back to Earth on August 21, 2007.

Also on STS-118 was an additional batch of Cinnamon Basil seeds that will be distributed to teachers who are participating in NASA's Engineering Design Challenge: Lunar Plant Growth Chamber. Gardeners who are looking for an interesting service project are encouraged to find local teachers to partner with in this multi-disciplinary experiential learning opportunity. Teachers can sign up on NASA's website.

By the way, it turns out that it takes two Ph.D.'s to open a space seed container. The cylinders are tightly torqued to NASA specifications to ensure that the seeds do not escape during space flight. To see pictures of the seed containers being loaded and sealed in preparation for take-off, visit Park Seed Memories and click on the Space photo album.

Photo Credit
Park Seed Company
1 Parkton Avenue
Greenwood, SC 29647-0001
800-845-3369
www.parkseed.com



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Strewing Herbs & the Plague

February 6th 2008 17:47
rue plants
Rue Plants in Bloom
One of the major outbreaks of the plague, which was also known as the black death, occurred in Europe between 1346 and 1351. Plague outbreaks recurred throughout the next several hundred years all through parts of Europe. The plague was spread to people through black rats which were the hosts to a plethora of fleas. These fleas were infected with an invisible microbe which caused the disease. When their black rat hosts began to die off, the fleas would look for any source of food that was available to them and would often attack humans and even domestic animals.

The cause of the plague was unknown during the medieval and Renaissance time periods. Unlike the modern-day brown rat, which prefers to live in the sewers and away from close human contact, the black rat of this time period was more visible. These rats lived in close proximity to humans where an abundance of food could be found in kitchens, dinning halls, stables and other common areas of habitation. Houses that used a myriad of strewing herbs, especially insect repelling herbs such as pennyroyal (AKA fleabane) may have had an advantage and exhibited slightly more resistance to being troubled by outbreaks of the plague.

Medicinal Strewing Herbs
Rue was one of the many herbs which was believed to help prevent the plague. It was strewn on the benches and floors of courtrooms. Judges also carried branches of rue with them to help guard themselves against jail fever which was also known as European typhus. Jail fever was transmitted by fleas and lice.

Southernwood was used by the medieval Crusaders as it was thought to ward off the plague. It was another herb used as protection against jail fever. In the modern-day the lemon scented leaves of southernwood have been proven to have insect repellent properties.

Fleawort was thought to ward off fleas and was used as a strewing herb for this purpose. The seeds, which were small and black, resembled fleas which may have been why this herb was thought to be an effective flea repellent. What was thought to be dead fleas were actually the seeds of the plant! Modern herbalists have not found this herb to exhibit any insect repelling properties.

Tansy, when mixed with elder leaves, was thought to be a very effective flea repellent. In modern times black elder has been proven to have antibacterial, antiseptic, antiviral and insecticide properties.

Additional information can be found in my strewing herbs post dated 1/07/08.
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Monk Herbalists (LINK)

January 17th 2008 19:51
the cloisters
The Cloisters Monastic Herb Garden
At larger monasteries one monk may have been assigned the duty of herbalist. It was the herbalist's duty to study the many medicinal herbs grown in the monastery. The herbalist would also be responsible for the preparation of the various ointments and lotions that the monastery's physician would have used while tending the sick. The monk-herbalist probably had a stillroom or workshop where he could dry and store the herbs and create the various tinctures and salves that were a necessary part of daily medieval monastery life.

"No joy is so great in a life of seclusion as that of gardening. No matter what the soil may be, sandy or heavy clay, on a hill or a slope, it will serve well."
Walafrid Strabo, Hortulus, c. 840 AD


Hortulus
Hortulus was a poem written by the German monk Walafrid Strabo in the 9th century. Strabo, who lived from 808-849 AD, was the Abbot of Reichenau, an island monastery located on Lake Constance in Switzerland. Hortulus, which translates to "The Little Garden", describes Strabo's personal monastery garden. The poem contains descriptions of the many herbs that were grown in his garden along with their medicinal uses.

"Amongst my herbs, sage holds the place of honour; of good scent it is and full of virtue for many ills."
Walafrid Strabo, Hortulus, c. 840 AD


The Plants
Some of the plants that are mentioned in the poem include the following:

Betony - Stachys officinalis - betony was thought to be a sort of panacea in the Middle Ages and a wide range of symptoms and problems were thought to be alleviated by this wonder herb. An infusion made of the leaves helped to relieve headaches.

Catmint - Nepeta cataria - an infusion of the leaves was used to relieve cold symptoms and to help calm a nervous disposition.

Chervil - Anthriscus cerefolium - this herb was used as a blood purifier and to warm and sooth a weak stomach.

Horehound - Marrubium vulgare - the juice expressed from the leaves was mixed with honey and used to relieve coughs and colds.

Poppies - Papaver somniferous - a syrup was made of the seed heads and used as a sleep potion, pain reliever and cough medicine. This is the opium poppy from which morphine, heroine and codeine are derived and is currently subject to legal restrictions.

My complete article, Monk Herbalist; All About Ancient Medieval Healers, can be found on the Associated Content website.
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St. Gall Monastery (LINK)

January 16th 2008 19:41
plan of st gall
Plan of St. Gall
St. Gall was a plan for a proposed monastery layout that was created circa 816-836 AD. The plan included detailed drawings for the monastic gardens including a kitchen garden, physic garden, cloister-garth and a cemetery orchard. The plants found in these gardens were meant to be grown in raised, rectangular beds, which were separated by narrow pathways.

St. Gall, although never built as planned, was thought to be the idea layout for a Benedictine monastery. A copy of the plan was found preserved in the library at the Abbey of St. Gallen in Switzerland thus the plan is referred to as St. Gall. The plan was addressed to Gozbert who was abbot of St. Gall from 816-836 AD.

Medicinal Garden
The medicinal (AKA Physic) garden of St. Gall was divided into 16 individual plots and included the following plants:

Cornflag
AKA yellow flag, the leaves were used as a strewing herb while the dried roots were used for chest complaints. Detailed information regarding strewing herbs can be found in the article Strewing Herbs; Ancient Aromatherapy Technique.

Cumin
Beneficial to the digestive system especially to sluggish digestion.

Fennel
The seeds of this plant helped to alleviate hunger and were especially useful during the long fast of Lent. Fennel also helped to relieve indigestion and gas and improve liver function.

Fenugreek
The seeds, when soaked in water, helped sooth the stomach and digestive tract.

Kidney bean
Monks were forbidden to eat the flesh of four-footed animals (cows, pigs, sheep etc.) although this rule was not strictly enforced in the later Middle Ages. Peas and beans became a staple part of the monks daily diet. Because beans were known to cause gas, any herbs that helped to relieve gas were employed for their medicinal uses. Often times these gas relieving herbs such as savory and fennel were cooked right along with the beans.

Lovage
Used for urinary trouble, jaundice and stomach disorders.

Pennyroyal
This herb was used as a cold remedy and it was also thought to work as a blood purifier and helped alleviate stomach disorders. Pennyroyal was also used as a flea repellant.

Peppermint
This herb helped to relieve gas, diarrhea and stomach disorders. Mint was also useful as a cold remedy and breath freshener. It was also used as a strewing herb because of its fragrant aroma.

Rose
The rose hips, which are the fruits of the plant, are very high in vitamin C. Rose hips and petals were used by monks to make a variety of medicinal jams, jellies and syrups. These rose remedies helped to relieve scurvy, diarrhea and sore throats and were also thought to be able to restore ones strength.

My complete article, St. Gall; The Plan for a Medieval Benedictine Monastery Design, can be found on the Associated Content website.
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Language of Flowers (LINK)

January 15th 2008 19:29
tussie mussie
Tussie-Mussie AKA Posey
"We give flowers and potted plants for birthdays, at Christmas and on anniversaries of all kinds... But although we use flowers on many occasions to convey particular sentiments, the meanings we attach to specific flowers are sadly limited compared to the complex and subtle Language of Flowers available to the Victorians."

-Gill Saunders, The Country Flowers of a Victorian Lady


Flower Symbolism
Flower symbolism has been a popular hobby for many centuries. In 1716 Lady Mary Wortley Montagu traveled to the Middle East along with her husband who was then the English ambassador to Turkey. Lady Montagu discovered the practice of the Turkish secret flower language and brought back her knowledge of this interesting form of communication to her English countrymen. The first European flower dictionary to be published was written in France in 1818 by Madame Charlotte de la Tour and was titled "Le Language des Fleurs."

Floriography otherwise known as the language of flowers reached its height of popularity during the Victorian Era of the 1900's. The Victorian Era occurred during the rule of Queen Victoria of England from 1837 to 1901 and many dictionaries on the symbolism and meanings of flowers were published during this time.

Tussie Mussie
A tussie mussie, which means sweet posey, was a small bundle or bouquet of flowers which was used during the Middle Ages and Renaissance throughout Europe. Tussie mussies were originally made of a variety of herbs chosen for their supposed medicinal virtues. These small herb bouquets were carried around by individuals and were thought to help prevent disease such as the plague from spreading to the individual carrying the herbs. In addition, the tussie mussies would help to cover up unpleasant odors due to unhygienic living conditions prevalent during this time period.

In previous eras social etiquette did not allow for the public expression of love and affection so a language of love using flowers, plants and herbs developed. A variety of small bouquets, nosegays and tussie-mussies were given to loved ones and potential suitors to convey a variety of secret messages. During the Victorian Era tussie mussies were used to convey secret messages to loved ones and were often enclosed within a lace doily and tied together with a satin ribbon. If there were any inverted flowers present in the bouquet that particular flower would be interpreted as having the opposite of the usual meaning.

Creating Flower Messages
A variety of instructions for making tussie-mussies can be found in various publications such as Maggie Oster's book Gifts and Crafts from the Garden. One of my favorite herb books Rodale's Illustrated Encyclopedia of Herbs even contains a section on creating crafts from herbs including how to make a tussie-mussie along with a table of the language of herbs and flowers.

You may want to investigate the meanings of the flowers and herbs growing in your own garden if you are interested in creating your own flower messages. Tussie-mussies and small bouquets can be made from either fresh or dried floral material. The fresh material is more aromatic but you may like to use dried flowers for a longer lasting effect. You can sprinkle a few drops of your favorite essential oil onto the dried flowers if desired. A variety of silk and satin ribbons and paper doilies can be found at craft and hobby stores. You could even use silk flowers to create a floral greeting that will last indefinitely.

My complete article, Language of Flowers; Antiquated Herbal Folklore, can be found on the Associated Content website.
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Monastery Gardens (LINK)

January 14th 2008 19:21
monastery
Santa Maria de El Paular Benedictine Monastery
"Spreading herbs and flowerets bright,